Saving dollars makes sense of crypto export controls

Significance Follow-on action from Washington and responses from foreign actors will shape the US government’s adversarial policy towards China in semiconductors and other strategic technologies. Impacts The Biden administration will likely conclude that broad-based diversion of the semiconductor supply chain away from China is not feasible. The United States will rely on export controls and political pressure to prevent diffusion to China of cutting-edge chip technologies. The United States will focus on persuading foreign semiconductor leaders to help develop US capabilities, thereby staying ahead of China. Washington will focus on less direct approaches to strategic technology competition with China, notably technical standards-setting. Industry leaders in the semiconductor supply chain worldwide will continue expanding business in China in less politically sensitive areas.

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US export controls on China will broaden further

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-es260723 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Export Controls ◽

Content Type

Headline US/CHINA: Export controls will broaden further

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ECONOMIC CONTRADICTIONS ARE RELATED TO THE USE AND TRANSFER OF DUAL-USE GOODS AND TECHNOLOGIES

International scientific journal Internauka Series Economical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2294-2021-9-7544 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Oleksandr Boguslavskyy ◽

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽

Mass Destruction ◽

Dual Use ◽

Export Controls ◽

National Interests ◽

Modern Economy ◽

Political Interests ◽

The Creation ◽

Means Of Production

The article is devoted to the study of economic contradictions related to the use and transfer of dual-use goods and technologies. The article highlights different approaches to defining the categories «technology» and «dual-use technology». Types of dual-use technologies are outlined. The main economic contradictions related to the use and transfer of dual- use goods and technologies are identified: 1) contradictions related to the creation of new technologies that can be both useful in the civilian and military spheres; 2) contradictions related to the manufacture and use of dual-use goods; 3) Contradictions are related to the creation of new means of production that can be used both for the production of civilian goods and for CBRN; 4) contradictions in the use of technological processes for the civilian and military spheres; 5) contradictions related to the development of transport and improvement of methods of delivery of CBRN; 6) contradictions between the interests of economic development of different countries on the basis of the introduction of new technologies and non-proliferation of CBRN; 7) interstate political and economic contradictions regarding the CBRN; 8) contradictions between groups of countries and individual countries regarding the non-proliferation of CBRN; 9) contradictions related to environmental pollution in the process of manufacturing and testing of CBRN; 10) contradictions in the realization of economic and political interests between countries that have modern weapons of mass destruction and countries that do not possess these weapons; 11) contradictions regarding the protection of their national interests etc. The peculiarities of the transfer of dual-use goods and technologies in the modern economy are shown and it is determined that it acquires a network character. The need to apply export controls to the transfer of dual-use goods and technologies is emphasized.

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Report Doubts Value of Broadened Export Controls

Science ◽

10.1126/science.213.4511.988.a ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 213 (4511) ◽

pp. 988-988

Author(s):

Constance Holden

Keyword(s):

Export Controls

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Long Black: Export Controls as a Means of Addressing Coffee Price Instability

Journal of Economic Integration ◽

10.11130/jei.2008.23.2.411 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 411-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alberto Gabriele ◽

David Vanzetti

Keyword(s):

Export Controls ◽

Price Instability ◽

Coffee Price

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Complying with Defence Export Controls: a working perspective

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma20037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Joanna L Gray ◽

Torsten Theis ◽

Alexa M Kaufer

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Quality Assurance ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Proficiency Testing ◽

Business Model ◽

Royal College ◽

Export Controls ◽

Flexible Panel ◽

A Company

The Royal College of Pathologists (RCPA) and then RCPA Quality Assurance Programs Pty Ltd (RCPAQAP), a company independent from but aligned with the RCPA, have been producing proficiency testing programs (PTP) for infectious diseases for 52 years. This involves sending infectious disease material in surveys to over 80 countries worldwide throughout any year. The PTP panels are developed depending on the prevalence of diseases, which requires flexible panel composition and dynamic enrolments. The Defence Trade Controls Act was introduced in 2012 as part of a wider international regulatory counter-proliferation framework. In 2017, the inclusion of inactivated infectious diseases as controlled microorganisms in the Defence Strategic Goods List (DSGL) had the potential to completely disrupt the RCPAQAP business model in the provision of infectious disease PTP. Some strategies for mitigating this risk are discussed in this paper.

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Dynamics of Normative Change for International Nuclear Export Controls

Global Governance A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations ◽

10.1163/19426720-02704004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 517-539

Author(s):

Lami Kim

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Weapons ◽

Nuclear Export ◽

Nuclear Test ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Export Control ◽

Export Controls ◽

Normative Systems ◽

Normative Change

Abstract Like other normative systems, the international nuclear export control norms are incomplete and at times contradictory. Thus, contestations to the international nuclear export control norms inevitably emerge, as they did in the wake of the 1974 Indian nuclear test and the 1991 discovery of Iraq’s nuclear weapons program. These two nuclear crises prompted intense debates regarding the adequacy of the existing norms. The outcome of the debates generated overwhelming agreement and action among nuclear suppliers that they required strengthening. Drawing on Wayne Sandholtz’s theory of normative change, which argues that events trigger disputes whose outcomes modify norms, this article illustrates how the nuclear export control norms have evolved in a cyclical fashion. The article aims to contribute to the constructivist literature on normative change and discusses policy implications.

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