Cryptosystems for hierarchical groups

1996 ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghodosi ◽  
Josef Pieprzyk ◽  
Chris Charnes ◽  
Rei Safavi-Naini
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Groups

scholarly journals Diverse continuum of CD4+ T-cell states is determined by hierarchical additive integration of cytokine signals

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. E6447-E6456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbal Eizenberg-Magar ◽  
Jacob Rimer ◽  
Irina Zaretsky ◽  
David Lara-Astiaso ◽  
Shlomit Reich-Zeliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Signal Integration ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
Hierarchical Groups ◽  
Insight Into

During cell differentiation, progenitor cells integrate signals from their environment that guide their development into specialized phenotypes. The ways by which cells respond to complex signal combinations remain difficult to analyze and model. To gain additional insight into signal integration, we systematically mapped the response of CD4+ T cells to a large number of input cytokine combinations that drive their differentiation. We find that, in response to varied input combinations, cells differentiate into a continuum of cell fates as opposed to a limited number of discrete phenotypes. Input cytokines hierarchically influence the cell population, with TGFβ being most dominant followed by IL-6 and IL-4. Mathematical modeling explains these results using additive signal integration within hierarchical groups of input cytokine combinations and correctly predicts cell population response to new input conditions. These findings suggest that complex cellular responses can be effectively described using a segmented linear approach, providing a framework for prediction of cellular responses to new cytokine combinations and doses, with implications to fine-tuned immunotherapies.

scholarly journals Visualizing association rules in hierarchical groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hahsler ◽  
Radoslaw Karpienko
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Hierarchical Groups

A distributed parallel algorithm for inferring hierarchical groups from large-scale text corpuses

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. e4404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthick Seshadri ◽  
Shalinie S. Mercy ◽  
Sidharth Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Algorithm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hierarchical Groups

Urine marking by male bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber, 1780; Microtidae, Rodentia) in relation to their social rank

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2594-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine M. Rozenfeld ◽  
E. Le Boulangé ◽  
R. Rasmont
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Urine Marking ◽  
Hierarchical Groups ◽  
Free Interaction ◽  
Territorial Marking

Available ecological data suggest that mature males of Clethrionomys species form stable hierarchical groups during the breeding season. The present laboratory work reports on the agonistic and urinary behaviour of paired, hierarchically naive, male bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) before, during, and after free interaction in large enclosures provided with individual burrows. In this situation, a generally stable dominance–subordination relationship is established. After a brief fighting episode, the subordinate is recognizable mainly by his avoidance behaviour out of his burrow. The subordinate's burrow itself becomes the focus of agonistic interactions. The staining of urine with unmetabolized vital dyes allowed differentiation of marking patterns. The correlation between these patterns and the hierarchical status of the animals is in accordance with the hypothesis that in bank voles, the urine of adult males contains chemical signals involved in maintaining their social organization. The spatial distribution of the urine marks of the dominant around the subordinate's nest suggests that they act as a territorial marking.

scholarly journals Supragenotypic groups of the hepatitis B virus genome

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Purdy ◽  
Aileen C. Gonzales ◽  
Zoya Dimitrova ◽  
Yury Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
Group I ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Ancestral Virus ◽  
Hierarchical Groups

Phylogenetic relationships among hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes were investigated using different regions across the genome. The phylogenetic analysis in conjunction with graphical examination of phylogenetic distance matrices and distance frequency distribution plotting suggest the clustering of HBV genotypes into three higher-order hierarchical groups: group I, comprising genotypes A–E and G; group II, comprising genotypes F and H; and a hypothetical group III. Present-day genotype G is postulated to be a recombinant with the non-polymerase region of group III virus and the polymerase gene of an ancestral virus belonging to group I.

scholarly journals Scalable and Reliable Multi-dimensional Sensor Data Aggregation in Data Streaming Architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Henning ◽  
Wilhelm Hasselbring
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Stream Processing ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Hierarchical Groups ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ever-increasing amounts of data and requirements to process them in real time lead to more and more analytics platforms and software systems designed according to the concept of stream processing. A common area of application is processing continuous data streams from sensors, for example, IoT devices or performance monitoring tools. In addition to analyzing pure sensor data, analyses of data for entire groups of sensors often need to be performed. Therefore, data streams of the individual sensors have to be continuously aggregated to a data stream for a group. Motivated by a real-world application scenario of analyzing power consumption in Industry 4.0 environments, we propose that such a stream aggregation approach has to allow for aggregating sensors in hierarchical groups, support multiple such hierarchies in parallel, provide reconfiguration at runtime, and preserve the scalability and reliability qualities of stream processing techniques. We propose a stream processing architecture fulfilling these requirements, which can be integrated into existing big data architectures. As all state-of-the-art stream processing frameworks have to handle a trade-off between latency, resource-efficiency, and correctness, our proposed architecture can be configured for low latency and resource-efficient computation or for always ensuring correct results. To assist adopters in choosing appropriate configuration options, we provide an experimental comparison. We present a pilot implementation of our proposed architecture and show how it is used in industry. Furthermore, in experimental evaluations we show that our solution scales linearly with the amount of sensors and provides adequate reliability in the presence of faults.

Usefulness of frailty markers in the assessment of the health and functional status in older cancer patient referred for chemotherapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19673-19673 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Retornaz ◽  
J. Monette ◽  
M. Monette ◽  
N. Sourial ◽  
D. Wan-Chow-Wah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Cancer Patients ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
Hierarchical Groups ◽  
Mood And Cognition

19673 Background: In order to properly support clinical decisions, geriatric assessment (GA) is recommended for older cancer patients. However, the best form of GA remained unknown and recent studies demonstrated that usual GA tools may have a ceiling effect in detecting adverse outcomes to cancer treatment. Frailty has emerged as a concept characterizing cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems, leading to increased vulnerability and risk of adverse outcomes. Consequently, the concept of frailty may represent a more sensitive way to better characterize health and functional status and to detect potential vulnerability to adverse outcomes in older cancer patients. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the usefulness of frailty markers in older cancer patients. Methods: This cross- sectional study included 50 cancer patients, (70 years and older) referred to an oncology clinic for chemotherapy. Chronic diseases, IADL and ADL disabilities, and seven domains considered as frailty markers (nutrition, mobility, strength, energy, physical activities, mood and cognition) were assessed. Patients were classified into hierarchical groups based on the results of their assessment. Results: While 15 (30%) patients had at least one disability in IADL and 8 (16%) patients had at least one disability in ADL, 27 patients (54 %) were completely independent for IADL and ADL. Among those patients with no IADL nor ADL disability, 21 patients (42%) presented at least one frailty marker. In the whole cohort, 44 patients (88%) had at least one frailty markers. The most prevalent of the frailty markers were nutrition, mobility and physical activity (respectively 62%, 58% and 42%). Conclusion: Markers of frailty add substantial information to the usual GA tools in detecting potential vulnerability in older cancer patients. Additional studies are needed to determine if the addition of the frailty markers to the usual GA tools can help to better characterize the older cancer population and predict risk of toxicities and adverse outcomes due to cancer treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals From disorganized equality to efficient hierarchy: how group size drives the evolution of hierarchy in human societies

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1928) ◽  
pp. 20200693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Perret ◽  
Emma Hart ◽  
Simon T. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Hierarchical Groups ◽  
Scalar Stress

A manifest trend is that larger and more productive human groups shift from distributed to centralized decision-making. Voluntary theories propose that human groups shift to hierarchy to limit scalar stress, i.e. the increase in cost of organization as a group grows. Yet, this hypothesis lacks a mechanistic model to investigate the organizational advantage of hierarchy and its role on its evolution. To fill this gap, we describe social organization by the distribution of individuals’ capacity to influence others. We then integrate this formalization into models of social dynamics and evolutionary dynamics. First, our results demonstrate that hierarchy strongly reduces scalar stress, and that this benefit can emerge solely because leaders and followers differ in their capacity to influence others. Second, the model demonstrates that this benefit can be sufficient to drive the evolution of leader and follower behaviours and ultimately, the transition from small egalitarian to large hierarchical groups.

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