An approach to artificial muscle using polymer gels formed by micro-phase separation

2005 ◽  
pp. 241-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
O. Hirasa
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Polymer Gels

Dramatic and Reversible Water‐Induced Stiffening Driven by Phase Separation within Polymer Gels

2021 ◽  
pp. 2109850
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Ming ◽  
Le Yao ◽  
He Zhu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Shiping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Gels

scholarly journals Artificial muscle. What can chemomechanical polymer gels produce?

MEMBRANE ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Hori ◽  
Yoshihito Osada
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Polymer Gels

scholarly journals Crystallization-Arrested Viscoelastic Phase Separation in Semiconducting Polymer Gels

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-508
Author(s):  
Jing He ◽  
Xiaoqing Kong ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Michael Delaney ◽  
Dilhan M. Kalyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Semiconducting Polymer

Electroactive artificial muscle: nonionic polymer gels and elastomers

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Hirai ◽  
Md. Zulhash Uddin ◽  
Jianming Zheng ◽  
Masashi Watanabe ◽  
Hirofusa Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Nonionic Polymer

New Macroporous Crosslinked Polymer Gels Prepared via Living Radical Polymerization

2006 ◽  
Vol 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Kanamori ◽  
Kazuki Nakanishi ◽  
Teiichi Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Living Polymerization ◽  
Living Radical Polymerization ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer ◽  
Type Phase ◽  
Mechanical Durability

ABSTRACTMacroporous crosslinked polymer gels have been prepared via TEMPO-mediated living radical polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) in a solvent with a counter polymer. Incorporating a counter polymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), induced macroscopic spinodal-type phase separation during the course of polymerization of DVB while suppressing the segregation of DVB-derived particles from the solution by living polymerization. Well-defined macroporous morphologies comprising continuous DVB-derived skeletons have thus obtained. Macropore volume and diameter were independently controlled by altering the concentrations of PDMS and the solvent. Since the present polymer gels are prepared using only the multifunctional “crosslinker”, mechanical durability against bending and compression was found to be as high as inorganic ceramics with similar morphologies and porosities.

scholarly journals Multiple patterns of polymer gels in microspheres due to the interplay among phase separation, wetting, and gelation

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (45) ◽  
pp. 15894-15899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Yanagisawa ◽  
Shinpei Nigorikawa ◽  
Takahiro Sakaue ◽  
Kei Fujiwara ◽  
Masayuki Tokita
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Gels

Designing multifunctional gels with electrical conductivity, mechanical toughness and self-oscillating performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Lingling Zhao ◽  
Aixia Zhang ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
New Class ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Muscle Actuators ◽  
Oscillating Chemical Reaction

Self-oscillating polymer gels driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillating chemical reaction are a new class of functional gels that have potential applications in autonomously functioning membranes and as artificial muscle actuators.

Bulk standards for low-temperature biological x-ray microanalysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
P. Echlin ◽  
M. McKoon ◽  
E.S. Taylor ◽  
C.E. Thomas ◽  
K.L. Maloney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Electrical Conductors

Although sections of frozen salt solutions have been used as standards for x-ray microanalysis, such solutions are less useful when analysed in the bulk form. They are poor thermal and electrical conductors and severe phase separation occurs during the cooling process. Following a suggestion by Whitecross et al we have made up a series of salt solutions containing a small amount of graphite to improve the sample conductivity. In addition, we have incorporated a polymer to ensure the formation of microcrystalline ice and a consequent homogenity of salt dispersion within the frozen matrix. The mixtures have been used to standardize the analytical procedures applied to frozen hydrated bulk specimens based on the peak/background analytical method and to measure the absolute concentration of elements in developing roots.

Freeze-etch TEM of aqueous polymer gel network morphology

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 796-797
Author(s):  
J. A. N. Zasadzinski ◽  
R. K. Prud'homme
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Deformation History ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gel Network ◽  
Network Morphology

The rheological and mechanical properties of crosslinked polymer gels arise from the structure of the gel network. In turn, the structure of the gel network results from: thermodynamically determined interactions between the polymer chain segments, the interactions of the crosslinking metal ion with the polymer, and the deformation history of the network. Interpretations of mechanical and rheological measurements on polymer gels invariably begin with a conceptual model of,the microstructure of the gel network derived from polymer kinetic theory. In the present work, we use freeze-etch replication TEM to image the polymer network morphology of titanium crosslinked hydroxypropyl guars in an attempt to directly relate macroscopic phenomena with network structure.

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