Flang: A functional-logic language

2005 ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Mantsivoda
Keyword(s):  
Functional Logic

Economic Development and Traditional Social Structures: Some Theoretical Considerations

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soofia Mumtaz
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This paper discusses some issues currently preoccupying social scientists with respect to the process of development and its implications for Third World countries. These issues have become highly significant considering the momentum and nature of the development process being launched in the so-called "underdeveloped" world, within the context of modern nation-states. Therefore, in this paper, we seek to identify: (a) What is meant by development; (b) How the encounter between this process and traditional social structures (with their own functional logic, based on earlier forms of production and social existence) takes place; (c) What the implications of this encounter are; and (d) What lessons we can learn in this regard from history and anthropology. Development as a planned and organized process, the prime issue concerning both local and Western experts in Third World countries, is a recent phenomenon in comparison to the exposure of Third World countries to the Western Industrial system. The former gained momentum subsequent to the decolonization of the bulk of the Third World in the last half of this century, whereas the latter dates to at least the beginning of this century, if not earlier, when the repercussions of colonization, and later the two World Wars, became manifest in these countries.

Diagnose Compound Hold Time Faults Caused by Spot Delay Defects at Clock Tree

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Wu-Tung Cheng ◽  
Ting-Pu Tai ◽  
Liyang Lai ◽  
Ruifeng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hold Time ◽  
Clock Signal ◽  
Clock Tree ◽  
Scan Testing ◽  
Design Error ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
Scan Chains ◽  
Delay Defects

Abstract If a signal on clock tree is slower than expected due to either a design error or a manufacturing defect, it may cause complicated fault behaviors during scan-based testing. It makes the diagnosis of such defect especially difficult if the defective clock signal is used for both shift and capture operations during the scan testing, because (1) the defect induces hold time faults on scan chains during shift cycles, and (2) hold-time faults may also be introduced during capture cycles in the functional logic paths. In this paper we illustrate the failure behaviors of such clock defects and propose an algorithm to diagnose it.

scholarly journals Picomolar-Level Melamine Detection via ATP Regulated CeO2 Nanorods Tunable Peroxidase-Like Nanozyme-Activity-Based Colorimetric Sensor: Logic Gate Implementation and Real Sample Analysis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Benazir Chishti ◽  
Zubaida A. Ansari ◽  
Hassan Fouad ◽  
Othman Y. Alothman ◽  
Mohamed Hashem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Response ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Colorimetric Response ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
Gate Sensor

The capability of functional logic operations is highly intriguing, but far from being realized owing to limited recognition element (RE) and complex readout signals, which limit their applications. In this contribution, for a visual colorimetric sensor for melamine (MEL) we described the construction of two- and three-input AND logic gate by exploiting the intrinsic peroxidase (POD)-like activity of CeO2 nanorods (NRs) (~23.04% Ce3+ fraction and aspect ratio (RTEM) of 3.85 ± 0.18) as RE at acidic pH (4.5). Further ATP piloted catalytic tuning of POD-like activity in CeO2 NRs employed for a functional logic gate-controlled MEL sensing at neutral pH (7.4). AND logic circuit operated MEL sensing record colorimetric response time of 15 min to produce blue color proportionate to MEL concentration. The fabricated nanozyme (CeO2)-based logic gate sensor probe for MEL at pH 4.5 showed a linear response from 0.004 nM to 1.56 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4 pM; while translation from acidic to neutral pH (at 7.4) sensor exhibited linear response ranging from 0.2 nM to 3.12 nM with a LOD value of 17 pM. Through CeO2 POD-like nanozyme behavior under acidic and neutral pH, the fabricated logic gate sensor showed high affinity for MEL, generating prominent visual output with picomolar sensitivity, good reproducibility, and stability with relative standard deviation (RSD) <1% and 2%, respectively. A feasibility study in real samples (raw milk and milk powder) showed good recoveries with negligible matrix effect, an anti-interference experiment revealed sensor selectivity, highlighting robust sensor practical utility. With the merits of high sensitivity, specificity, low cost, and simplified sample processing, the developed logic-controlled colorimetric MEL sensing platform with appropriate modifications can be recognized as a potent methodology for on-site analysis of various food adulterants and related applications.

scholarly journals Automated, predictive, and interpretable inference of C. elegans escape dynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan C. Daniels ◽  
William S. Ryu ◽  
Ilya Nemenman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Escape Response ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Dynamical Variable ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Escape Dynamics ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
Interpretable Models

AbstractThe roundworm C. elegans exhibits robust escape behavior in response to rapidly rising temperature. The behavior lasts for a few seconds, shows history dependence, involves both sensory and motor systems, and is too complicated to model mechanistically using currently available knowledge. Instead we model the process phenomenologically, and we use the Sir Isaac dynamical inference platform to infer the model in a fully automated fashion directly from experimental data. The inferred model requires incorporation of an unobserved dynamical variable, and is biologically interpretable. The model makes accurate predictions about the dynamics of the worm behavior, and it can be used to characterize the functional logic of the dynamical system underlying the escape response. This work illustrates the power of modern artificial intelligence to aid in discovery of accurate and interpretable models of complex natural systems.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE GRAMMAR IN AN ENGLISH CLASSROOM, OR, HOW TO MAKE LIFE FOR RUSSIAN STUDENTS EASIER

2013 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
A. V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Grammar Acquisition ◽  
Efl Teacher ◽  
Functional Logic ◽  
English Classroom ◽  
And Function ◽  
Metalinguistic Knowledge

Every EFL teacher who teaches native speakers of Russian knows that the main roadblocks encountered in the classroom pertain to acquisition of articles, prepositions, and grammatical forms of the verb. With regard to articles, the situation is clear: as there are none in Russian, the student needs to understand their role and function in English. It's a bit different with prepositions: even though there are prepositions in Russian, their number and usage in English very often cause confusion. Finally, as far as the so-called tenses go – which are, in fact, tense-aspect forms – many students experience difficulties in developing necessary skills for a simple reason. Being used to the three tenses in Russian (the present, the past, and the future), they are often incapable of understanding the organizational and functional logic of a system which comprises twelve forms in the active voice. With this in mind, the problem of tense acquisition is shown to be rooted in inadequate metalinguistic knowledge pertaining to the meaning and function of the categories of tense and aspect in Russian. Since cognitive structures underlying these grammatical categories are grounded in perceptual experience and are similar in both languages, a cognitive approach, by using the native language as scaffolding, allows the student to benefit from a simple algorithm for choosing a tense in discourse. This radically facilitates grammar acquisition, eliminating many imaginary difficulties. The described approach to instructed tense–aspect acquisition has been successfully used by the author and his disciples and colleagues in educational institutions of different levels for over twenty years, proving to be much more efficient than traditional techniques.

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