An overview of the biotechnology research activities in the European Community

2005 ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Economidis
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Research Activities

European Community Research Programmes in Support of Aquaculture

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Flor Cruz
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
New Research

The European Community (EC) has played a significant role in the development of the aquaculture industry during recent years. With the objective of stimulating the economic development of the less favoured coastal and rural areas, the EC has provided financial support to the aquaculture industry and to research activities in this field. Two specific research programmes that include aquaculture are being implemented by the EC at present. They are the FAR (Fisheries and Aquaculture Research) and the AAIR (Agriculture and Agro-Industry, including Fisheries Research) programmes. Both aim to promote the cooperation and coordination of research between Member States, providing financial support to research projects dealing with the following areas: rearing techniques; disease problems; genetics; interactions between aquaculture and the environment. In addition, these programmes support the organization of workshops, seminars, conferences etc., and bursaries for the exchange of scientists and students. It is too early to evaluate the contribution of these programmes to the development of the aquaculture industry. However, the FAR programme has succeeded in creating and improving links in the Community. Coordination is expected to be reinforced in the new research programme, which is now under preparation. This paper describes the current activities, priorities and future opportunities of the Community research programmes in the field of aquaculture.

scholarly journals Contractibility and the Design of Research Agreements

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Lerner ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Contract Design ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Option Contract ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cross Subsidization

We analyze how contractibility affects contract design. A major concern when designing research agreements is that researchers use their funding to subsidize other projects. We show that, when research activities are not contractible, an option contract is optimal. The financing firm obtains the option to terminate the agreement and, in case of termination, broad property rights. The threat of termination deters researchers from cross-subsidization, and the cost of exercising the termination option deters the financing firm from opportunistic termination. We test this prediction using 580 biotechnology research agreements. Contracts with termination options are more common when research is non-contractible. (JEL D86, L65, O31, O34)

scholarly journals R&D Collaboration, Competitiveness Development, and Open Innovation in R&D

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Teresa Paiva ◽  
Maximiano Ribeiro ◽  
Paula Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Strategy Design

The competitiveness of the agro-industrial sector depends not only on its specific performance but also on the character and degree of the innovation performance, vital to added value development and differentiation in the biobased value-chain. This work intends to show, how through research and development (R&D), collaboration is possible to improve agri-food companies’ competitiveness, helping them to integrate biotechnology and offer innovative products. The method used to support the R&D collaboration model developed involves a diagnosis of biotechnological tools use, for developing appropriate solutions from food safety to food quality, improving health, and achieving new ingredients and/or food products within an agri-food Association partners survey results were integrated into the study of R&D collaboration practice. Results show that the companies (wine culture, fruticulture, and olive culture subsectors) inquired do not develop biotechnology research. They were all micro-business with a low volume of commercial billing, and only 27.3% claimed to have developed research activities in partnership with external research centres, but were not associated with higher education institutions. The barriers to the implementation of biotechnology techniques considered more relevant by respondents were access to capital and specialized human resources, which led to reinforcing the R&D collaboration strategy design.

Computer-aided methods for 3-D visualization of serial sections and thick biological specimens

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
Mark Ellisman ◽  
Maryann Martone ◽  
Gabriel Soto ◽  
Eleizer Masliah ◽  
David Hessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Structurally-oriented biologists examine cells, tissues, organelles and macromolecules in order to gain insight into cellular and molecular physiology by relating structure to function. The understanding of these structures can be greatly enhanced by the use of techniques for the visualization and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional structure. Three projects from current research activities will be presented in order to illustrate both the present capabilities of computer aided techniques as well as their limitations and future possibilities.The first project concerns the three-dimensional reconstruction of the neuritic plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We have developed a software package “Synu” for investigation of 3D data sets which has been used in conjunction with laser confocal light microscopy to study the structure of the neuritic plaque. Tissue sections of autopsy samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease were double-labeled for tau, a cytoskeletal marker for abnormal neurites, and synaptophysin, a marker of presynaptic terminals.

Ethnogeriatrics: Development and Application of the Cohort Analysis Tool

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Melen McBride
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Practice Teaching ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Significant Factors

Ethnogeriatrics is an evolving specialty in geriatric care that focuses on the health and aging issues in the context of culture for older adults from diverse ethnic backgrounds. This article is an introduction to ethnogeriatrics for healthcare professionals including speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This article focuses on significant factors that contributed to the development of ethnogeriatrics, definitions of some key concepts in ethnogeriatrics, introduces cohort analysis as a teaching and clinical tool, and presents applications for speech-language pathology with recommendations for use of cohort analysis in practice, teaching, and research activities.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

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