scholarly journals Southeastern Brazilian tyrannulets as flower watchers

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Edwin O’Neill Willis ◽  
Glayson Ariel Bencke
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tyrant Flycatchers

AbstractSeveral species of insect-eating birds occasionally visit flowering trees or shrubs to feed on arthropods at flowers instead of nectar or petals. In southeastern Brazil, the Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus (10.3 g) and the Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum (7 g) often watch flowers to get insects and can visit flowering trees for hours or for several days. We describe the foraging behavior of these two tyrannulets at flowering trees and also report observations on several other species, mostly tyrant-flycatchers and tanagers. As an opportunistic foraging strategy, flower watching can be expected to be more common among small, canopy or edge birds that sally or hover-glean to catch small insects on or near foliage.

Foraging Behavior of Neotropical Tyrant Flycatchers

The Condor ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Tyrant Flycatchers

scholarly journals Foraging behavior of Brazilian cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianus (Suliformes: Phalacrocoracidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Gheler-Costa ◽  
Fabio Henrique Comin ◽  
Letícia C. Gilli ◽  
Luciano M. Verdade
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Foraging Success ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The University

Although the concept of optimal foraging has been extensively discussed, foraging efficiency is difficult to assess in vertebrates. In this study, we determined the foraging efficiency of the Brazilian cormorant,NannopterumbrasilianusGmelin, 1789, by the direct,ad libitumobservation of a group of four to thirteen individuals in an artificial pond at the University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Although this study was carried out in a highly anthropic environment, we can still conclude that the Brazilian cormorant is a relatively efficient browser and short-term diver. In anthropic environments, foraging success depends on the amount of time these birds spend diving, and stealing food is less common. Stealing occurs at relatively low rates but tends to be an efficient way to get food.

Sub-ice foraging behavior of emperor penguins

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (21) ◽  
pp. 3275-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Ponganis ◽  
R.P. Van Dam ◽  
G. Marshall ◽  
T. Knower ◽  
D.H. Levenson
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Video Technology ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Pagothenia Borchgrevinki ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Underwater Video Camera

Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) were equipped with a remote underwater video camera, the Crittercam, to evaluate sub-ice foraging behavior while the birds dived from an isolated dive hole. Three birds dived and foraged successfully for 1 h periods after being trained to wear and to dive with a harness for camera attachment. Video and depth profile recordings revealed that emperor penguins travel at shallow depths (<50 m), ascend to the undersurface of the ice to feed on fish, and descend back to depth to return to the exit hole. Although the mean durations of dives of individual birds with the Crittercam were 21–35 % shorter than the diving durations of these same birds without the camera, the dive profiles in both situations were similar, thus demonstrating a similar foraging strategy in birds diving without the camera. Despite shorter diving durations with the camera, the penguins were still successful at prey capture in 80 % of 91 dives greater than 1 min in duration. Prey included the sub-ice fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki. Hunting ascents (from depth to within 5 m of the surface) occurred in 85 % of dives, ranged from zero to three per dive, and were associated with successful prey capture in 77 % of 128 ascents. Occasionally, several fish were captured during a single ascent. These observations and this application of video technology create a model for further physiological and behavioral studies of foraging, and also emphasize the potential importance of shallow dives as sources of food intake for emperor penguins during foraging trips to sea.

scholarly journals Foraging behavior of bee pollinators on the tropical weed Triumfetta semitriloba: flight distance and directionality

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. COLLEVATTI ◽  
J. H. SCHOEREDER ◽  
L. A. O. CAMPOS
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Flight Direction ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Social Bee

We studied flight distance and directionality of bee pollinators on the tropical shrub weed Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. (Tiliaceae), addressing (1) within- and between-plant movement pattern; (2) distances flown between plants; (3) flight directionality. Flowering plants were distributed in well-delimited clumps, in each of two pasture areas (A1 and A2) and one area of forest gap (A3), in Viçosa, southeastern Brazil. Five solitary bee species, Augochlorella michaelis, Augochloropsis cupreola, Pseudocentron paulistana, Ceratinula sp., Melissodes sexcincta, and two social bee, Plebeia droryana, P. cf. nigriceps were observed. All species moved mainly to the nearest flower on the same individual plant and, in between-plant movements, to the first or second nearest neighbor. All species moved non-randomly, presenting a flight directionality in departures (maintenance of flight direction), but with a high frequency of turn angles. It is suggested that this foraging behavior pattern occurred because of the resource quantity and quality (pollen or nectar), and environmental characteristics such as flower density and resource distribution.

scholarly journals Foraging behavior of tyrant flycatchers (Aves, Tyrannidae) in Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner de A. Gabriel ◽  
Marco A. Pizo
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Search Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tyrant Flycatchers

In this paper we present data on the foraging maneuvers and substrates used to capture preys by 28 species of tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) in Brazil. For six species: Arundinicola leucocephala Linnaeus, 1764, Fluvicola nengeta Linnaeus, 1766, Machetornis rixosa Vieillot, 1819, Myiozetetes similis Spix, 1825, Pitangus sulphuratus Linnaeus, 1766, and Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot, 1819 -, we go further to investigate perch height, search time, sally distance, and sally angle. With a few exceptions, sally strike was the most frequent foraging maneuver. Living foliage and air were the most frequent substrates used to capture preys. Among the six species studied in detail we found three distinct groups of perch heights: F. nengeta and M. rixosa foraged on the ground, A. leucocephala with P. sulphuratus were medium-height foragers, and T. melancholicus and M. similis form the third group for which prey attacks usually start from perches from the ground up to 3 m. With the exception of P. sulphuratus, which had the longest search time, the other five species did not differ in this aspect of the foraging behavior. Three groups were also discernible in relation to sally distance: F. nengeta and M. rixosa usually attacked prey close (< 2 m) to them, A. leucocephala, P. sulphuratus and M. similis form a medium-distance (3-4 m) group, and T. melancholicus had the longest sally distances (up to 12 m). Birds differ in details of the sally angle that, together with other subtle differences in the foraging behavior, may render important differences in prey selection.

Relations between topography, feeding sites, and foraging behavior of the vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Felipe Rocha ◽  
Francisco Miroslav Ulloa-Stanojlovic ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Victor Rabaquim ◽  
Paulo Fadil ◽  
Júlio César Pompei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Vampire Bats ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Vampire Bat

Abstract The vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) plays a crucial role in the maintenance and transmission of the rabies virus to humans and livestock, impacting public health and economic production. Its importance lies not only in its capacity to transmit the virus but also in its ability to adapt to anthropic changes, as expressed in its wide geographic distribution in Latin America. Deforestation, livestock intensification, and other human activities have reduced the abundance of its wild prey but have also provided new and abundant shelter and foraging resources for the vampire bats. We used radiotelemetry to evaluate relations between topography, feeding site choice, and foraging behavior in southeastern Brazil, where three occupied D. rotundus roosts, out of 11 possible, were systematically monitored throughout a 1-year period once every 2 months. Sixty-two vampire bats were captured; biometric data were collected and 44 radiotransmitters were installed in adult individuals, producing telemetry data that were recorded in VHF receptors installed in the farms. Elevation of the roosts was related to the farms attacked by the vampire bats. Understanding the use of the environment and resources by vampire bats is critical to improving rabies control aiming at the reduction of disease impacts. From the perspective of the official veterinary service, telemetry would be ineffective as a rabies surveillance system due to the costs and limitations of the available technology. However, livestock rabies control measures would be greatly improved if ecological characteristics of the vampire bat were considered.

Flock composition and foraging behavior of greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2410-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bélanger ◽  
Jean Bédard
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Chen Caerulescens Atlantica ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

We studied the foraging behavior of greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) staging in a Scirpus tidal marsh along the St. Lawrence Estuary in Quebec during fall 1985 and 1986 and spring 1986 and 1987. Among all foraging activities, grubbing (feeding on underground plant parts) ranked first (>50%), but important seasonal differences were observed. Geese spent less time grubbing and more time searching and grazing on newly emerging shoots in spring than in fall. Our study also revealed differences in the foraging behaviors of birds of differing social status. We found that juveniles spent more time searching for food than adults, particularly in fall. Males also spent more time alert than females, at least in fall. We also observed behavioral differences among adults of different social status (member of a family, paired bird, and unpaired bird). Solitary unpaired birds devoted less time grubbing and, consequently, more time searching for food, than paired birds in fall. Finally, paired and family-member adult birds adopted a similar foraging strategy, spending more time searching and grazing in spring than in fall.

scholarly journals Potential bird dispersers of Psychotria in a area of Atlantic forest on Ilha Grande, RJ, Southeastern Brazil: a biochemical analysis of the fruits

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1a) ◽  
pp. 01-08 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Almeida ◽  
P. F. Costa ◽  
M. S. Buckeridge ◽  
M. A. S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition

The present study assessed the fruiting pattern, bird foraging behavior, and sugar content of ripe fruits of two sympatric species of Rubiaceae (Psychotria brasiliensis and P. nuda). This study was carried out in an Atlantic forest area on Ilha Grande, RJ, between August 1998 and July 1999. Fruit production occurred year round, with a peak of mature P. brasiliensis fruits in December 1998 and another of P. nuda in February of 1999. Lipaugus lanioides (Cotingidae), Baryphtengus ruficapillus (Momotidae) and Saltator similis (Emberizidae) made the most frequent foraging visits to fruiting P. brasiliensis, so that L. lanioides and B. ruficapillus removed the fruits with sallying maneuvers while S. similis gleaned the fruits. Lipaugus lanioides was by far the most important consumer, and potentially the main disperser of P. brasiliensis. Birds of this genus are heavy frugivores in the tropical forests and are widely assumed to be important seed dispersers. The fruits were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in relation to the amounts of sucrose and starch. Psychotria brasiliensis (the visited species) showed the smallest quantity of sucrose and the highest amount of starch. These findings suggest that what may influence the birds' choice of fruit is the proportion of starch in the Psychotria species studied here rather than the carbohydrate composition.

scholarly journals A note on the diet and foraging behavior of Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in an urban park in southeastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monik Oprea ◽  
Daniel Brito ◽  
Thiago Bernardi Vieira ◽  
Poliana Mendes ◽  
Sílvia Ramira Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
The City ◽  
New Item

Bats of the genus Artibeus are among the most important seed dispersers in early successional forests. We report observations on the foraging behavior of Artibeus lituratus in Pedra da Cebola Municipal Park, an urban park in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Observations were made during six consecutive days (April 1st to April 6th, 2006). Three mist-nets were opened each night close to a Maclura tinctoria tree (Moraceae), remaining open from 18:00 to 22:00, totaling four hours per night, and 24 hours of sampling effort. We observed two peaks of feeding activity at the tree, one between 18:20 and 19:30, and a second one at 21:00. This is the first observation of Artibeus lituratus feeding on M. tinctoria fruits, therefore adding a new item to the known diet of the species. M. tinctoria fruits have large seeds that are not swallowed by bats, they consume the fruit pulp and discard the seeds. A diet of fruits with large seeds may indicate an important resource not detected in dietary studies based on fecal samples, but better detected by direct observation or by studying feeding roosts. It is important to use different sampling techniques in dietary studies since they complement each other and, together, provide a better knowledge on the diet of bats.

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