Efficacy of Certain Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Seed-Borne Infection of Fusarium Moniliforme on Maize (Zea Mays L.) in South Western Nigeria

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Owolade ◽  
A. N. Amusa ◽  
Y. O. K. Osikanlu
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Indigenous Plant

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A BIO-ASSAY OF ETHER EXTRACTS FROM CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) AS A MEANS OF SCREENING INBREDS FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT AND STALK ROT

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Whitney ◽  
C. G. Mortimore
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
Bio Assay

In bio-assay tests ether extracts of the roots and of the stalks of both resistant and susceptible corn inbreds inhibited the growth of Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. and Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch, the level of inhibition varying over the season. However, the extracts of the resistant and susceptible inbreds did not differ consistently in their ability to inhibit fungus growth on any given date. Thus, this bio-assay method cannot be used to evaluate inbreds for resistance to root and stalk rot.

FUNGAL COLONIZATION AND ZEARALENONE ACCUMULATION IN MAIZE EARS INJURED BY BIRDS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. SUTTON ◽  
W. BALIKO ◽  
H.J. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Agelaius Phoeniceus ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Development

Relationships of depredation by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and simulated bird injury to fungal development, zearalenone accumulation, yield and protein in maize (Zea mays L.) ears were examined. Natural and simulated bird injury were inflicted when the kernels were at the milk or soft-dough stages of development. Both treatments predisposed kernels to fungal colonization. In noninjured maize, fungi proliferated on few kernels of only a few ears. However, in injured maize, injured kernels were colonized rapidly by weakly aggressive fungi and noninjured kernels were colonized frequently and often extensively by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. Loosening and shredding of husks was a factor in predisposition to fungal growth. The mycotoxin zearalenone was found (0.5–7.0 μg/g dried kernels) in ears injured by birds or artificially, but not in noninjured ears. Yields of dried kernels in injured ears generally declined with increased natural or simulated bird injury, but often there was compensatory growth of noninjured kernels in injured ears. Crude protein usually constituted a higher percentage of kernel dry matter in injured ears than in noninjured ears.

scholarly journals PROTECCIÓN CONTRA ESTRÉS BIÓTICO INDUCIDA POR QUITOSÁN EN PLÁNTULAS DE MAÍZ (Zea mays L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-827
Author(s):  
Eva Guadalupe Lizárraga-Paulín ◽  
Irineo Torres-Pacheco ◽  
Ernesto Moreno-Martínez ◽  
Susana Patricia Miranda-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Los Grupos

El maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cultivo importante en México, que es a menudo afectado por la presencia de hongos patógenos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto protector del quitosán en plántulas de maíz sometidas a estrés biótico. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, durante 2008. Para cumplir el objetivo, después de algunas pruebas de calidad, tres grupos de semillas fueron sometidos por separado a los ataques de Aspergillus flavus y Fusarium moniliforme. Un primer grupo fue considerado como testigo positivo, otro fue recubierto con solución de quitosán y un último grupo fue dañado mecánicamente antes de la aplicación del biopolímero. Durante cinco semanas, el crecimiento de las plántulas se evaluó midiendo la longitud total, longitud de las hojas, de los tallos y el grosor de estos. No hubo incremento significativo en el tamaño de las plántulas, provenientes de semillas recubiertas con quitosán al compararse con el resto de los grupos; sin embargo, la ausencia de enfermedades en las plántulas tratadas con el biopolímero fue evidente. En la quinta semana de crecimiento, las estructuras foliares de las plántulas se sembraron en agar PDA, para determinar la presencia de los hongos estresantes. Se encontró que las hojas provenientes de las semillas tratadas con quitosán, desarrollaron carga fúngica nula, lo que sugiere que el quitosán actúa como un activador de mecanismos de defensa en plántulas de maíz, impidiendo la infección por los hongos patógenos utilizados.

scholarly journals Genetic Testing of Inbred Lines and Single Cross Hybrids against Fusarium Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium moniliforme in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
R. Archana H. C. Lohithaswa ◽  
R. Pavan B. N. Swathi ◽  
N. Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Globally, Maize (Zea mays L.) is a third major cereal food crop. It is a multipurpose crop with 26% of its production is used as food by human beings. Maize is known as “queen of cereals”, because of its high genetic yield potential, efficient utilization of radiant energy and wider adaptability. About 65 different phytopathogens affect the maize production in different stages of life cycle. Among which Fusarium moniliforme is one such soil borne pathogen causes Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) disease that ultimately reduces maize yield potential over the world. In any breeding program, screening and genetic testing of available germplasm resources against pathogens is necessary to prevent yield losses. Hence, the present research screened around 114 maize inbred lines and 45 single cross hybrids (SCHs) against FSR under artificial epiphytotic conditions. Among 114 inbreds, only four inbreds viz., CM 202, 10878, MAI-759 and MAI-766 (mean disease score of 3-4) showed moderately resistant reaction and out of 45 SCHs, only one hybrid combination i.e., MAI329 × CM202 (mean disease score was 2.60) exhibited resistance reaction against Fusarium stalk rot. Nevertheless, these resistance sources could be utilized in maize breeding programs for obtaining high yielding cultivars with resistance towards FSR disease.

scholarly journals Identificación y caracterización del agente causal de la pudrición de la raíz y tallo del maíz (zea mays l.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Milly Minaya Huerta ◽  
Eusebio Reyes Huamán
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar y caracterizar el agente causal de la pudrición de la raíz y el tallo del maíz. Se ejecutó en dos fases: en campo y en laboratorio. El muestreo se hizo en la provincia de Yungay, localidades de Mancos, Ranrahirca, Huarascucho, Yungay y Cañasbamba. La muestra fue de cinco parcelas por localidad, y cinco muestras por parcela; con un total de 125 muestras entre raíces y tallos; las muestras fueron procesadas mediante las técnicas de cultivo en medio Papa Dextrosa Agar Oxitetraciclina-PDAO. También se procesó semillas de maíz obtenidas de comerciantes con la técnica de cámara húmeda. Desarrolladas las colonias de hongos en el medio de cultivo PDAO se procedió a hacer montajes microscópicos de las estructuras y su caracterización e identificación haciendo uso de claves taxonómicas incluidas en la bibliografía. De las muestras de campo se aisló el hongo <em>Fusarium moniliforme </em>en 60%; también se aislaron <em>Exserohilum turcicum</em>, <em>Nigrospora oryzae</em>, <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, y otros hongos de menor importancia: <em>Phoma </em>sp<em>, Penicillium </em>sp<em>, </em>y <em>Bipolaris maydis</em>. En las muestras de semillas se encontró: <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. 53 %, <em>Fusarium moniliforme </em>35%, <em>Phoma </em>sp. 35 %, y <em>Fusarium </em>sp<em>. </em>9%, Concluimos que <em>Fusarium moniliforme </em>es el agente causal principal de la pudrición de la raíz y tallo del maíz en el Callejón de Huaylas.</p>

scholarly journals INSECTICIDE ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS OF THE NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN FLORA FOR THE CONTROL OF Sitophilus zeamais [Mots, 1885] AND Sitotroga cerealela [Olivier, 1819

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Carlos alberto Santos
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Insecticide Activity ◽  
Brazilian Flora

One of the typical crops of the semiarid tropic is the maize Zea mays L., a rustic plant cultivated in the Brazilian northeastern semiarid region mainly by small farmers. It is one of the sources of protein and carbohydrates and an economic alternative for job creation, especially for rural populations. Among the factors limiting its cultivation are pests, among which weevil and Angoumois grain moth. This work aims to evaluate the insecticide activity of plant extracts obtained from medicinal plants of the Brazilian northeastern flora for the control of Angoumois grain moth and weevil under laboratory conditions. The methodology consisted in the production of plant powders, which were mixed with 99.8% alcohol, and then macerated and filtered. Using a rotary evaporator and applying a water bath, it was possible to separate the alcohol from the filtered solution, resulting in a creamy paste, which is the extract itself, later used in tests with insects. Preliminary tests were applied at the concentrations of 0% [control] to 100% ml of extracts. Extracts with a mortality rate ³50% were analyzed by bioassays and four replicates, each consisting of a lot of five insects. The experimental design was completely randomized.

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