Genetic control of banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) in maize (Zea mays L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
I. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sheath Blight

scholarly journals Seed Biopriming with Microbial Inoculant Triggers Local and Systemic Defense Responses against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Udai B. Singh ◽  
Deepti Malviya ◽  
Surinder Paul ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Culture Suspension ◽  
Maize Plants

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MF-30 isolated from maize rhizosphere was characterized for several plant growth stimulating attributes. The strain MF-30 was also evaluated for antifungal properties against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight in maize (Zea mays L.) under in vitro conditions and was found to have higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%) followed by volatile organic compounds (62.66%) and crude extract (51.20%) in a dual plate assay. The endophytic and epiphytic colonization ability was tested using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagging. Visualization through confocal scanning laser microscope clearly indicated that strain MF-30 colonizes the root and foliar parts of the plants. Further, the effects of seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30 was evaluated in the induction and bioaccumulation of defense-related biomolecules, enzymes, natural antioxidants, and other changes in maize under pot trial. This not only provided protection from R. solani but also ensured growth promotion under pathogenic stress conditions in maize. The maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively). Effects on total soluble sugar content, total protein, and total proline were also found to enhanced significantly due to inoculation of P. aeruginosa MF-30. The activities of anti-oxidative defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased significantly in the plants bio-primed with P. aeruginosa MF-30 and subsequent foliar spray of culture suspension of MF-30 compared to pathogen alone inoculated plants. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30 significantly increased the expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genes with the simultaneous decrease in the disease severity and lesion length in the maize plants under pathogenic stress conditions. A significant enhancement of shoot and root biomass was recorded in MF-30 bio-primed plants as compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Significant increase in plant growth and antioxidant content, as well as decreased disease severity in the P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants, suggested the possibility of an eco-friendly and economical means of achieving antioxidants-rich, healthier maize plants.

Induction of DIMBOA accumulation and systemic defense responses as a mechanism of enhanced resistance of mycorrhizal corn (Zea mays L.) to sheath blight

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Song ◽  
Man Cao ◽  
Li Jun Xie ◽  
Xiao Ting Liang ◽  
Ren Sen Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

scholarly journals Nonreciprocal partial cross-incompatibility in maize

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitisri Sukhapinda ◽  
Peter A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
Controlling Elements

A case of cross-incompatibility among crosses in our genetics nursery was first observed in 1975. These crosses though involving controlling elements in maize (Zea mays L.) do not necessarily implicate these elements. When the derivative genotypes from the genetic stocks were crossed by specific male parents, ears with reduced seed set (RSS) were produced. In the reciprocal cross where these same genetic stocks were used as the male parent, ears with normal seed set (NSS) were obtained. The RSS effect is a heritable character caused by an incompatibility interaction between the female tissue and a specific pollen type. The genetic control of the incompatibility interaction has been hypothesized to be influenced by a cytoplasmic–chromosomal interaction in the female and a chromosomal factor in the pollen. The site of the incompatibility interaction is not on the silk surface because the incompatible pollen germinated and developed normally on the silk surface. Thus, the incompatibility interaction can occur either inside the silk or the ovule.

scholarly journals TOLERÂNCIA GENÉTICA DE LINHAGENS DE MILHO AOS HERBICIDAS TEMBOTRIONE E NICOSULFURON

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
ADILSON RICKEN SCHUELTER ◽  
MAYARA FABIANA SILVA ◽  
JONATAS MARCOLIN ◽  
IVAN SCHUSTER ◽  
ISABEL PRAZERES DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Chi Square Test

 RESUMO - As plantas daninhas constituem um dos fatores que reduzem a produtividade do milho e, portanto, é importante conhecer o mecanismo de tolerância da cultura aos herbicidas, de forma a fornecer informações que minimizem os riscos de danos aos cultivos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de linhagens de milho e o controle genético envolvido na tolerância aos herbicidas nicosulfuron e tembotrione. Duzentas e cinco linhagens de milho foram avaliadas quanto à reação aos herbicidas. Para a avaliação do controle genético de tolerância aos herbicidas foram empregadas duas linhagens tolerantes e duas sensíveis, as quais foram intercruzadas empregando um dialelo de meia tabela. As linhagens e as populações oriundas desses cruzamentos foram avaliadas quanto à reação aos herbicidas em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As dosagens foram de 60 g ha-1 de nicosulfuron (Sanson®) e 100 g ha-1 de tembotrione (Soberan®). A avaliação fenotípica constituiu-se de número de plantas sensíveis e/ou tolerantes e o teste do Qui-quadrado (χ2) foi utilizado nas análises. Quanto à resposta à aplicação dos agroquímicos verificaram-se linhagens tolerantes ou sensíveis a ambos os herbicidas ou apenas a um deles. Nas avaliações do controle genético, as análises evidenciaram um gene com dominância completa que, pela análise de segregação das famílias F3, permitiu levantar a hipótese de genes fortemente ligados ou pleiotrópicos. Os resultados obtidos, associados ao retrocruzamento assistido por marcadores moleculares (RCAM), auxiliaram o processo de introgressão da tolerância nas linhagens sensíveis aos herbicidas nicosulfuron e tembotrione.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., herança, melhoramento genético, marcadores moleculares.GENETIC TOLERANCE OF MAIZE LINES TO TEMBOTRIONE AND NICOSULFURON ABSTRACT - As weeds are one of the factors that reduce maize productivity it is important to know the mechanism of crop tolerance to herbicide in order to minimize the risk of damage to the plants. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the response of maize inbred lines and the genetic control of the tolerance to the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione. Two hundred and five maize inbred lines were evaluated for herbicides reaction. For the evaluation of the genetic control of tolerance to herbicides, two tolerant and two sensitive inbred lines were used, which were intercrossed using a half diallel table. The inbred lines and the populations obtained from these crosses were evaluated for reaction to the herbicides in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The dosages were 60 g ha-1 of nicosulfuron (Sanson™) and 100 g ha-1 of tembotrione (Soberan™). The phenotypic evaluation was based on the number of sensitive and / or tolerant plants and the chi-square test (χ2) was used in the analysis. Regarding the response to the application of the agrochemicals, inbred lines were tolerant or sensitive to one or both herbicides. The analysis of genetic control showed a gene with complete dominance, and the segregation analysis of the F3 families hypothesized the occurrence of strongly linked or pleiotropic genes. The data obtained associated to marker-assisted backcrossing allowed the tolerance introgression in sensitive inbred lines to nicosulfuron and tembotrione.Keywords: Zea mays L., inheritance, plant breeding, molecular markers.

scholarly journals Identificación y caracterización del agente causal de la pudrición de la raíz y tallo del maíz (zea mays l.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Milly Minaya Huerta ◽  
Eusebio Reyes Huamán
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

<p>El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar y caracterizar el agente causal de la pudrición de la raíz y el tallo del maíz. Se ejecutó en dos fases: en campo y en laboratorio. El muestreo se hizo en la provincia de Yungay, localidades de Mancos, Ranrahirca, Huarascucho, Yungay y Cañasbamba. La muestra fue de cinco parcelas por localidad, y cinco muestras por parcela; con un total de 125 muestras entre raíces y tallos; las muestras fueron procesadas mediante las técnicas de cultivo en medio Papa Dextrosa Agar Oxitetraciclina-PDAO. También se procesó semillas de maíz obtenidas de comerciantes con la técnica de cámara húmeda. Desarrolladas las colonias de hongos en el medio de cultivo PDAO se procedió a hacer montajes microscópicos de las estructuras y su caracterización e identificación haciendo uso de claves taxonómicas incluidas en la bibliografía. De las muestras de campo se aisló el hongo <em>Fusarium moniliforme </em>en 60%; también se aislaron <em>Exserohilum turcicum</em>, <em>Nigrospora oryzae</em>, <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, y otros hongos de menor importancia: <em>Phoma </em>sp<em>, Penicillium </em>sp<em>, </em>y <em>Bipolaris maydis</em>. En las muestras de semillas se encontró: <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. 53 %, <em>Fusarium moniliforme </em>35%, <em>Phoma </em>sp. 35 %, y <em>Fusarium </em>sp<em>. </em>9%, Concluimos que <em>Fusarium moniliforme </em>es el agente causal principal de la pudrición de la raíz y tallo del maíz en el Callejón de Huaylas.</p>

Genetic Control of Phytoglycogen Accumulation in Maize ( Zea mays L.) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Ayers ◽  
Roy G. Creech
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Zea Mays L
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