Physician Retention in Rural Alberta: Key Community Factors

Abortion is a social phenomenon that is increasingly alarming. The concern is not without reason, because so far the behavior of abortion many negative effects both for themselves the perpetrators and the wider community. With the passing of the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health still raises the pros and cons in the middle of the community. The approach used to address the problem that the above problems are normative juridical approach. Based on the results of the study need to decriminalize abortion in Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health which has the goal of creating the legal basis for abortion and the experts who helped him as an indication of a medical emergency or pregnancy due to rape, and factors inhibiting the decriminalization of abortion is legal factors themselves, law enforcement officials factors, factors facilities or infrastructure, community factors, and cultural factors. Suggestion that the author should the government needs to review the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health in particular Article 31 and Article 34 within the limited evidence of rape victims in just 40 days because of the time limit is not relative to the law enforcement agencies to prove it, as well as regarding the evidentiary aspects of pregnancy due to rape victims in order to avoid an impression of legitimizing the act of abortion in any form. Keywords: Abortion, , Reproductive Health

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ANALISIS DEKRIMINALISASI ABORSI DALAM PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 61 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v2i2.315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Ferry Fadzul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Rape Victims ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Community Factors ◽

Law Enforcement Officials ◽

The Government

Abortion is a social phenomenon that is increasingly alarming. The concern is not without reason, because so far the behavior of abortion many negative effects both for themselves the perpetrators and the wider community. With the passing of the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health still raises the pros and cons in the middle of the community. The approach used to address the problem that the above problems are normative juridical approach. Based on the results of the study need to decriminalize abortion in Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health which has the goal of creating the legal basis for abortion and the experts who helped him as an indication of a medical emergency or pregnancy due to rape, and factors inhibiting the decriminalization of abortion is legal factors themselves, law enforcement officials factors, factors facilities or infrastructure, community factors, and cultural factors. Suggestion that the author should the government needs to review the Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2014 on Reproductive Health in particular Article 31 and Article 34 within the limited evidence of rape victims in just 40 days because of the time limit is not relative to the law enforcement agencies to prove it, as well as regarding the evidentiary aspects of pregnancy due to rape victims in order to avoid an impression of legitimizing the act of abortion in any form.

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The Correlates of Cognitive Status Among Older Americans Living in the Community: Does Gender Make a Difference?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 63-63

Author(s):

Ethan Siu Leung Cheung ◽

Ada Mui ◽

Seth Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Older Women ◽

Short Form ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Older Men ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Community Safety ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Community Factors

Abstract Utilizing the data in National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (n = 3,104; 54% female), the study examined the predictors of cognitive impairments in terms of community harmony, community safety, frequency of neighbor contacts, depression, and demographic factors. Bivariate analyses suggest that there were no gender differences in cognitive status (Mean of MoCA Short Form = 9.89; SD = 3.33); nor were there gender differences in age (mean age = 72.95; SD=8.29), ethnic composition (76.1% whites; 15.3% Blacks, 8.6% Asian), community harmony, community safety, frequency of neighbor contacts. On the other hand, men had more education and income than women. Psychologically, older women reported higher level of stress and depression scores than older men. Multiple regression results show that gender has a significant independent effect and joint effects with stressors and community factors in explaining cognitive impairments. Parallel regression analyses for each gender group were conducted and models were significant (P < .0001). There were common predictors of cognitive impairments for the two groups but variables had differential impacts on older men and older women. Specifically, IADL had stronger effect on older men than on older women in predicting cognitive impairments (b = -.23 vs. b=-.10); perceived community harmony had stronger impact on older women in explaining their cognitive status (b = .26 vs. b=.22); older women’s cognitive status benefitted more from perceived community safety than older men (b = .61 vs. b=.43). Regardless of gender, older Whites scored higher than Black and Asian elders in their cognition scores.

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A Participatory, State–Community–Academic Model to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes in Texas: The Healthy Families Initiative

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198120977156 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 109019812097715

Author(s):

Divya A. Patel ◽

Meliha Salahuddin ◽

Melissa Valerio ◽

Nagla Elerian ◽

Krystin J. Matthews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Mortality ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Stakeholder Engagement ◽

Infant Health ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

State Agency ◽

Missed Opportunities ◽

Community Factors

Background While the Texas infant mortality rate (IMR) is below the Healthy People 2020 objective (5.7 per 1,000 live births), stark differences in IMR are seen across Texas communities. Health indicators for the state suggest important missed opportunities for improving maternal and infant outcomes. The Healthy Families initiative was a collaboration between a Texas state agency, community partners, and academic institutions to understand how evidence-based interventions could be identified, adapted, and implemented to address community priorities and reduce disparities in pregnancy outcomes. Method The Healthy Families initiative included two Texas counties, one with low utilization of prenatal care and one with persistent disparities in infant mortality. The model served to (1) identify community factors influencing IMR and maternal morbidity through stakeholder engagement and secondary data, (2) build community capacity to link pregnant women with existing and newly developed services, and (3) develop partnerships within the community and clinics to improve access to and sustainability of services. Results A community-based participatory approach focused on stakeholder engagement was used to identify, design, and adapt strategies to address community-identified priorities. Conclusions The Healthy Families initiative is a unique state–community–academic partnership aimed at improving pregnancy outcomes in vulnerable communities, with a focus on promotion of capacity building, maintenance, and sustainability of maternal and infant health programs.

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Individual, family, and community factors related to loneliness in mothers raising children less than 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01365-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azusa Arimoto ◽

Etsuko Tadaka

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Response Rate ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Family Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Factors ◽

Raising Children ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Systems Model ◽

Individual Family

Abstract Background Loneliness in mothers raising children under 3 years of age is a major challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual, family, and community factors associated with loneliness among mothers raising children under 3 years of age with social isolation as a mediator. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using anonymous self-administered questionnaires. The target population was all 649 mothers of children under 3 years of age visiting a public health center in Yokohama City and eligible for child health examinations between November 2019 and February 2020. The study measures included loneliness (10-item version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale), social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale [LSNS-6]), demographic data, individual factors, family factors, and community factors from an ecological systems model. Social isolation was classified based on the LSNS-6 cutoff points. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between loneliness and individual, family, and community factors with social isolation as a mediator. Results A total of 531 participants (81.8% response rate) responded, and 492 (75.8% valid response rate) were included in the analysis. Loneliness was significantly higher in the isolated group (n = 171, 34.8%) than in the non-isolated group (n = 321, 65.2%) (mean = 22.3, SD = 5.6 and mean = 17.6, SD = 4.6, respectively). Factors associated with high loneliness included individual and family factors (a high number of parenting and life concerns [β = 0.211, p < 0.01], not eating breakfast every day [β = 0.087, p < 0.05], and fewer partners’ supportive behaviors for household duties and childcare [β = − 0.240, p < 0.001]) and community factors (fewer people to consult about parenting [β = − 0.104, p < 0.01] and low community commitment [β = − 0.122, p < 0.05]) with social isolation as a mediator. Conclusion Referral to a counseling organization to alleviate worries about parenting and the creation of a child-rearing environment to enhance the recognition of the community may be considered. These findings could help develop intervention programs for the prevention or alleviation of loneliness experienced by mothers and prevent the associated health risks among mothers and child outcomes.

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Associations of community, famliy and early individual factors with body mass index z-scores trajectories among Chinese children and adolescents

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93949-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Liang ◽

Si Zheng ◽

Xuyang Li ◽

Dianmin Xiao ◽

Peigang Wang

Keyword(s):

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Chinese Children ◽

School Age ◽

Critical Window ◽

Community Factors ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Individual Family ◽

Class 1 ◽

Z Scores

AbstractThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing. This study aimed to examine trajectories of BMI z-scores among Chinese children and the potential determinants including early individual, family and community factors. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify BMI z-scores trajectories of children aged 2–18 years using the five waves data (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018) of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine the association between early individual, family, community factors and BMI z-scores trajectories of children. We identified three trajectories for boys and girls, named Class 1 as “not-overweight”, Class 2 as “persistent rapid descending but overweight during pre-school age”, and Class 3 as “rapid rising up to school age and then become-overweight” class. Macrosomia (OR 1.772; 95% CI 1.188–2.644) and being a single child (OR 2.038; 95% CI 1.453–2.859) were more likely to belong in Class 3 among boys. Girls living in the advantaged communities (OR 1.539; 95% CI 1.052–2.252), rural-living (OR 1.558; 95% CI 1.133–2.142) and with none social integration (OR 1.496; 95% CI 1.07–2.091) were more likely to belong in Class 2. There are heterogeneous BMI z-scores trajectories of children aged 2–18, and pre-school age is a critical window that could predict the long-term growth patterns. BMI z-scores trends need to be monitored during pre-school age, focusing on those at higher risk of later overweight obesity status, and targeted interventions at the early individual, family, community levels are essential.

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Patient, prescriber, and Community factors associated with filled naloxone prescriptions among patients receiving buprenorphine 2017-18

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 108569

Author(s):

Bradley D. Stein ◽

Christopher M. Jones ◽

Rosanna Smart ◽

Flora Sheng ◽

Mark Sorbero

Keyword(s):

Community Factors ◽

Factors Associated

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How Community and Individual Risk Factors Mutually Impact Youth’s Perceived Safety: A Syndemic Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211028326 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110283

Author(s):

Yingwei Yang ◽

Karen D. Liller ◽

Martha Coulter ◽

Abraham Salinas-Miranda ◽

Dinorah Martinez Tyson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Community Safety ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Latent Factor ◽

Community Factors ◽

Individual Risk Factors ◽

Syndemic Theory

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutual impact of community and individual factors on youth’s perceptions of community safety, using structural equation modeling (SEM) conceptualized by syndemic theory. This study used survey data collected from a county wide sample of middle and high school students (N=25,147) in West Central Florida in 2015. The outcome variable was youth’s perceptions of community safety. Predictors were latent individual and community factors constructed from 14 observed variables including gun accessibility, substance use, depressive symptoms, and multiple neighborhood disadvantage questions. Three structural equation models were conceptualized based on syndemic theory and analyzed in Mplus 8 using weighted least squares (WLS) estimation. Each model’s goodness of fit was assessed. Approximately seven percent of youth reported feeling unsafe in their community. After model modifications, the final model showed a good fit of the data and adhered to the theoretical assumption. In the final SEM model, an individual latent factor was implied by individual predictors measuring gun accessibility without adult’s permission (β=0.70), sadness and hopelessness (β=0.52), alcohol use (β=0.79), marijuana use (β=0.94), and illegal drug use (β=0.77). Meanwhile, a community latent factor was indicated by multiple community problems including public drinking (β=0.88), drug addiction (β=0.96), drug selling (β=0.97), lack of money (β=0.83), gang activities (β=0.90), litter and trash (β=0.79), graffiti (β=0.91), deserted houses (β=0.86), and shootings (β=0.93). A second-order syndemic factor that represented the individual and community factors showed a very strong negative association with youth’s safe perception (β=-0.98). This study indicates that individual risk factors and disadvantaged community conditions interacted with each other and mutually affected youth’s perceptions of community safety. To reduce these co-occurring effects and improve safe perceptions among youth, researchers and practitioners should develop and implement comprehensive strategies targeting both individual and community factors.

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