scholarly journals Safer and Unsafe Injection Drug Use and Sex Practices Among Injection Drug Users in Halifax, Nova Scotia

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois A. Jackson ◽  
Diane L. Bailey ◽  
John R. Fraser ◽  
J. Ken Johnson ◽  
Andrea Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Unsafe Injection ◽  
Sex Practices

scholarly journals Brucella Endocarditis in Persons Who Inject Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Cafardi ◽  
Douglas Haas ◽  
Thomas Lamarre ◽  
Judith Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Brucella Infection

Abstract We report 2 cases of infective endocarditis in injection drug users due to Brucella infection. Although cardiac involvement is a frequent sequela of brucellosis and endocarditis is often seen with injection drug use, Brucella endocarditis in persons who inject drugs without zoonotic exposure has not been reported to date.

scholarly journals Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Canada: Results from the LCDC Sentinel Health Unit Surveillance System

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Chaudhary ◽  
M Tepper ◽  
S Eisaadany ◽  
Paul R Gully
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
Hcv Rna

In a sentinel hepatitis surveillance study conducted by sentinel health units, 1469 patients were enrolled, and 959 (65.3%) were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Samples from 387 patients (40.4%) were tested for HCV RNA, and 289 (74.7%) were positive for RNA. The major risk factor for HCV infection was injection drug use, reported in 71% of cases. The genotyping of HCV isolates showed that subtype 1a (48%) was predominant in Canada. The other subtypes detected were 1b (19%), 2a (6%), 2b (3%), 3a (22%) and 4a (1%). In Winnipeg, Manitoba, subtype 3a (47%) was more prevalent than subtype 1a (37%), and, in Guelph, Ontario, both subtypes 1a and 3a had equal (40%) distribution. The prevalence of subtype 3a was significantly higher in injection drug users (27%) than in nonusers (10%) (P<0.005). In Canada, injection drug use is the major risk factor for HCV infections, and subtype 1a is more prevalent.

Facilitation into Drug Treatment or Self-Help among out-of-Treatment IDUS in Portland: You Can Lead a Horse to Water, But…

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiou He ◽  
Michael Stark ◽  
David Fleming ◽  
Jeanne Gould ◽  
Yolanda Russell-Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Received Social Support

This study's purpose was to encourage out-of-treatment injection drug users (IDUs) to participate in drug treatment or self-help, and thereby reduce their injection drug use and HIV risk. In Portland, Oregon, IDUs were recruited for HIV counseling and testing and were randomly assigned to a standard intervention (SI) or one of two enhanced intervention (EI) groups. SI subjects received two sessions of counseling and testing only. In addition to counseling and testing, EI subjects received social support and incentives designed to facilitate their entrance into either drug treatment (DT) or self-help (SH). Compared to SI subjects, a higher proportion of DT subjects initiated drug treatment, and more SH subjects initiated self-help. There was, however, rapid dropout from DT and SH among EI participants, and no difference was found between SI and EI subjects in injecting at a 6-month follow-up. Subjects retained in DT or SH had reduced injection drug use, suggesting the need to determine factors that make DT and SH more intrinsically appealing.

scholarly journals Control over Drug Acquisition, Preparation, and Injection: Implications for HIV and HCV Risk among Young Female Injection Drug Users

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla D. Wagner ◽  
Jennifer Jackson Bloom ◽  
Susan Dodi Hathazi ◽  
Bill Sanders ◽  
Stephen E. Lankenau
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Drug Acquisition ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lack Of Control

Young female injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for HIV/HCV, and initiating the use of a new drug may confer additional and unexpected risks. While gender differences in the social context of injection drug use have been identified, it is unknown whether those differences persist during the initiation of a new drug. This mixed-methods study examined the accounts of 30 young female IDUs in Los Angeles, CA, USA from 2004 to 2006, who described the social context of initiating injection drug use and initiating ketamine injection. The analysis aimed to understand how the social context of young women’s injection events contributes to HIV/HCV risk. Women’s initiation into ketamine injection occurred approximately 2 years after their first injection of any drug. Over that time, women experienced changes in some aspects of the social context of drug injection, including the size and composition of the using group. A significant proportion of women described injection events characterized by a lack of control over the acquisition, preparation, and injection of drugs, as well as reliance on friends and sexual partners. Findings suggest that lack of control over drug acquisition, preparation, and injection may elevate women’s risk; these phenomena should be considered as a behavioral risk factor when designing interventions.

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