scholarly journals Elevated Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β in Adipose Tissue from Obese Mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahumiya Samad ◽  
Koji Yamamoto ◽  
Manjula Pandey ◽  
David J. Loskutoff
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Elevated Expression

Cytokine profiles in the testes of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide reveal localized suppression of inflammatory responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. R1744-R1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira K. O'Bryan ◽  
Orapin Gerdprasert ◽  
David J. Nikolic-Paterson ◽  
Andreas Meinhardt ◽  
Julie A. Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Rnase Protection Assay ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Factor Α

Evidence indicates that the testis possesses a reduced capacity to mount inflammatory and rejection responses, which undoubtedly contributes to the ongoing survival of the highly immunogenic germ cells. The contribution of local cytokine expression to this condition was investigated in adult male rats treated with lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammation. Cytokine mRNA and protein expression were determined in tissue extracts and fluids by Northern blot analysis, quantitative PCR, or RNAse protection assay and specific ELISAs. Testicular expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α was considerably attenuated compared with the liver (control tissue); in contrast, the testicular IL-6 response was enhanced. Expression of IL-10, a type 2 immunoregulatory cytokine, was similar in both testis and liver, whereas the immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 and activin A were constitutively elevated in both normal and inflamed testes. The IL-1β and transforming growth factor-β1 proteins were present principally in their latent (inactive) forms, indicating that enzymic processing is an important control mechanism for these two cytokines within the testis. These data indicate that inflammatory and regulatory cytokine activity is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels in a testis-specific manner. It is concluded that a novel pattern of suppression of proinflammatory cytokine responses and normal or elevated expression of immunoregulatory cytokines may be responsible for reduced inflammatory responses and enhanced graft survival in the testis. These data have important implications for the understanding and treatment of male autoimmune infertility, testicular inflammation. and carcinogenesis.

Perianale Fisteln bei CED: vom Mausmodell zur Klinik

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Michael Scharl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Morbus Crohn ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Interleukin 13

Zusammenfassung. Fisteln stellen nach wie vor eine der wichtigsten Komplikationen bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn dar. Bei mindestens einem Drittel aller Morbus Crohn Patienten treten im Laufe der Erkrankung Fisteln auf. Eine dauerhafte Heilung der Fistel wird jedoch, auch unter Ausschöpfung sämtlicher medikamentöser und chirurgischer Therapieoptionen, nur in rund einem Drittel dieser Patienten erreicht. Der genaue molekulare Mechanismus der Fistelentstehung ist bis heute nicht ganz klar. Aus histopathologischer Sichtweise stellen Fisteln eine röhrenartige Struktur dar, welche von flachen epithelartigen Zellen ausgekleidet ist. Als ursächlicher Entstehungsmechanismus wird dabei die sogenannte epitheliale-zu-mesenchymale Transition (EMT) angesehen und es kann eine starke Expression der Entzündungsmediatoren Tumor Nekrose Faktor, Interleukin-13 und Transforming Growth Factor β in den Fistelarealen nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich zu den bereits etablierten, medikamentösen Therapieoptionen, also Antibiotika, Immunmodulatoren und anti-TNF Antikörper, stellt insbesondere der Einsatz der mesenchymalen Stammzelltherapie einen erfolgversprechenden Therapieansatz für die Zukunft dar.

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