Restricted Access to Collateral Behavior Affects Operant Behavior on Variable-Interval Schedules

Iver H. Iversen

doi:10.1007/bf03395862

Restricted Access to Collateral Behavior Affects Operant Behavior on Variable-Interval Schedules

The Psychological Record ◽

10.1007/bf03395862 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 411-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iver H. Iversen

Keyword(s):

Operant Behavior ◽

Variable Interval ◽

Restricted Access ◽

Collateral Behavior

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On Choice and the Law of Effect

International Journal of Comparative Psychology ◽

10.46867/ijcp.2014.27.04.03 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

Author(s):

J. E. R. Staddon

Keyword(s):

Operant Behavior ◽

Choice Behavior ◽

Past History ◽

Variable Interval ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

Operant Learning ◽

Active Response ◽

Random Ratio ◽

Starting Point ◽

History Of

Cumulative records, which show individual responses in real time, are a natural but neglected starting point for understanding the dynamics of operant behavior. To understand the processes that underlie molar laws like matching, it is also helpful to look at choice behavior in situations such as concurrent random ratio that lack the stabilizing feedback intrinsic to concurrent variable-interval schedules. The paper identifies some basic, nontemporal properties of operant learning: Post-reinforcement pulses at the beginning of FI learning, regression, faster reversal learning after shorter periods, and choice distribution on identical random ratios at different absolute ratio values. These properties suggest that any operant-learning model must include silent responses, competing to become the active response; and response strengths that reflect more than immediate past history of reinforcement. The cumulative-effects model is one that satisfies these conditions.

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Conditioning History and Maladaptive Human Operant Behavior

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1965.17.3.935 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 935-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Harold Weiner

Keyword(s):

Operant Behavior ◽

Reinforcement Schedule ◽

Differential Reinforcement ◽

Fixed Ratio ◽

Variable Interval ◽

Human Operant ◽

History Of ◽

Past Experiences ◽

Human Operant Behavior ◽

Laboratory Situation

Two experiments are presented which examined the effects of different past experiences (histories of conditioning) upon maladaptive human behavior in an operant conditioning laboratory situation. In Exp. I, unnecessary punished responding under a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule was shown to result from a history of fixed-ratio conditioning. In Exp. II low rates of variable-interval responding which produced unnecessary reinforcement loss followed a history of conditioning under a differential reinforcement of low rate schedule.

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The Effects of Variable-Interval and Fixed-Interval Signal Presentation Schedules on the Auditory Evoked Response

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1201.199 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 199-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

David A. Nelson ◽

Frank M. Lassman ◽

Richard L. Hoel

Keyword(s):

Variable Interval ◽

Tone Burst ◽

Signal Amplitude ◽

Fixed Interval ◽

Interval Schedule ◽

Sensation Level ◽

Fixed Interval Schedule ◽

Auditory Evoked Responses ◽

Auditory Evoked Response ◽

Signal Presentation

Averaged auditory evoked responses to 1000-Hz 20-msec tone bursts were obtained from normal-hearing adults under two different intersignal interval schedules: (1) a fixed-interval schedule with 2-sec intersignal intervals, and (2) a variable-interval schedule of intersignal intervals ranging randomly from 1.0 sec to 4.5 sec with a mean of 2 sec. Peak-to-peak amplitudes (N 1 — P 2 ) as well as latencies of components P 1 , N 1 , P 2 , and N 2 were compared under the two different conditions of intersignal interval. No consistent or significant differences between variable- and fixed-interval schedules were found in the averaged responses to signals of either 20 dB SL or 50 dB SL. Neither were there significant schedule differences when 35 or 70 epochs were averaged per response. There were, however, significant effects due to signal amplitude and to the number of epochs averaged per response. Response amplitude increased and response latency decreased with sensation level of the tone burst.

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