Memory and Memory Monitoring: Levels of Processing, Idea Unit Level, and Text Organization in the Retention of Prose

Elizabeth A. Surgent

doi:10.1007/bf03394931

Memory and Memory Monitoring: Levels of Processing, Idea Unit Level, and Text Organization in the Retention of Prose

The Psychological Record ◽

10.1007/bf03394931 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 251-268

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Surgent

Keyword(s):

Levels Of Processing ◽

Idea Unit ◽

Unit Level ◽

Text Organization ◽

Memory Monitoring

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Development and Validation of a German Language Unit-Level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Scale

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 852-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George Gunnesch-Luca ◽

Klaus Moser

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Organizational Citizenship ◽

Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽

Helping Behavior ◽

Citizenship Behavior ◽

German Language ◽

Individual Level ◽

Unit Level ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Development And Validation

Abstract. The current paper presents the development and validation of a unit-level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) scale based on the Referent-Shift Consensus Model (RSCM). In Study 1, with 124 individuals measured twice, both an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) established and confirmed a five-factor solution (helping behavior, sportsmanship, loyalty, civic virtue, and conscientiousness). Test–retest reliabilities at a 2-month interval were high (between .59 and .79 for the subscales, .83 for the total scale). In Study 2, unit-level OCB was analyzed in a sample of 129 work teams. Both Interrater Reliability (IRR) measures and Interrater Agreement (IRA) values provided support for RSCM requirements. Finally, unit-level OCB was associated with group task interdependence and was more predictable (by job satisfaction and integrity of the supervisor) than individual-level OCB in previous research.

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Reactivity of Judgments of Learning in a Levels-of-Processing Paradigm

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 228 (4) ◽

pp. 278-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eylul Tekin ◽

Henry L. Roediger

Keyword(s):

Target Word ◽

Paired Associate ◽

Judgments Of Learning ◽

Paired Associate Learning ◽

Levels Of Processing ◽

Pleasantness Rating ◽

Associate Learning ◽

Counting Task ◽

Reactive Effect ◽

Target Words

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that judgments of learning (JOLs) are reactive measures in paired-associate learning paradigms. However, evidence is scarce concerning whether JOLs are reactive in other paradigms. In old/new recognition experiments, we investigated the reactivity effects of JOLs in a levels-of-processing (LOP) paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, for each word, subjects saw a yes/no orienting question followed by the target word and a response. Then, they either did or did not make a JOL. The yes/no questions were about target words’ appearances, rhyming properties, or category memberships. In Experiment 3, for each word, subjects gave a pleasantness rating or counted the letter “e ”. Our results revealed that JOLs enhanced recognition across all orienting tasks in Experiments 1 and 2, and for the e-counting task in Experiment 3. This reactive effect was salient for shallow tasks, attenuating – but not eliminating – the LOP effect after making JOLs. We conclude that JOLs are reactive in LOP paradigms and subjects encode words more effectively when providing JOLs.

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