Inhibitory Blocking with Successive Stimulus Presentations

1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Leeming
Keyword(s):  
Successive Stimulus

Interaction of simultaneous and successive stimulus groupings in determining apparent weight.

1967 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Dinnerstein ◽  
Isa Gerstein ◽  
George Michel
Keyword(s):  
Successive Stimulus ◽  
Apparent Weight

The co-ordination of the protective retraction of coral polyps

1957 ◽  
Vol 240 (675) ◽  
pp. 495-529 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Simple Theory ◽  
Conducting System ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Single Shock ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Successive Stimulus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

The responses to electrical stimulation of a number of alcyonarian, zoanthid and madreporarian corals are described. All groups studied except gorgonids show extensive coordination over the colony. In Sarcophyton (Alcyonacea) the response is typically local at first but eventually a wave of polyp retraction can be made to spread over the colony. The astraeid corals and the alcyonarian Tubipora have over the whole colony a through-conducting system which has refractory and neuromuscular properties similar to those found in the mesenteries of actinians. In the zoanthid Palythoa successive shocks produce excitation which spreads progressively farther across the colony at each shock for as many as fifty shocks at two-second intervals. The perforate corals , Acropora, Goniopora and Porites respond to a single shock by a co-ordinated retraction of many polyps. Except in Acropora , it is characteristic of the perforate corals studied that stimulation at one point never spreads over the whole colony no matter how many stimuli are applied. The responses of the individual polyps of many corals, including Fungia , are described, and in all there is a similarity to the column, disk and tentacle responses already known in actinians, e.g. Calliactis . The concept of interneural facilitation has been analyzed by use of a working model which shows that the simple theory is inadequate as an explanation of transmission between polyps of certain species because the predicted transmission distances are either too variable or too small compared with the actual distances observed at the first electrical stimulus of the animal. The properties of the co-ordinating systems between the polyps of the various groups of corals have been considered as variations on a common theme, conduction between units which form a network. The various stages from poor co-ordination, through progressive spread at each successive stimulus, to a through-conducting condition have been interpreted as a reflexion of increasing probability of transmission from one all-or-nothing unit of the pathway to the next unit in a population of a large number of units, only a proportion of which may be active at any one time. The units may be interpreted as neurones, as is probable in parts of a single polyp, or as small regions such as polyps within which there is normally through-conduction at the first stimulus.

Discriminative control of variability: Effects of successive stimulus reversals

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Ward ◽  
Adam D. Kynaston ◽  
Ericka M. Bailey ◽  
Amy L. Odum
Keyword(s):  
Discriminative Control ◽  
Successive Stimulus

A progressive and cumulative suppression of the activity of spinal neurones in the nonspinal rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. MacDonald ◽  
J. A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Tonic Activity ◽  
Flexor Reflex ◽  
Successive Stimulus ◽  
Spinal Neurones ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of the skin of the hindpaw of the rat, at frequencies ranging from 2 to 0.2 s−1, halted the tonic or evoked activity of spinal neurones. The duration of this effect increased with each successive stimulus until it outlasted the interstimulus interval. Tonic activity did not return immediately following termination of the stimulation, and activity was often depressed for periods of up to 5 min. Neurones displaying this behaviour were found in laminae 1 and 4–7 of the cord. Some neurones failed to demonstrate this behaviour following the administration of strychnine. This phenomenon provides a possible substrate for habituation of the flexor reflex that occurs with repetitive and noxious stimulation of the skin.

scholarly journals Mild membrane depolarization in neurons induces immediate early gene transcription and acutely subdues responses to successive stimulus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira D. A. Rienecker ◽  
Robert G. Poston ◽  
Joshua S. Segales ◽  
Ramendra N. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Successive Stimulus ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe transcriptional profile of immediate early genes (IEGs) is indicative of the duration of neuronal activity, but it is unknown whether it affected by the strength of depolarization. Also unknown is whether an activity history of graded potential changes influences further neuronal activity. In this work with dissociated rat cortical neurons, we found mild depolarization – mediated by elevated extracellular KCl – not only induces a wide array of rapid IEGs, but also transiently depresses transcriptional and signaling responses to a successive stimulus. This latter effect was independent of de novo transcription, translation, calcineurin (CaN) signaling, and MAPK signaling downstream of PKC. Furthermore, as measured by multiple electrode arrays, mild depolarization acutely subdues subsequent spontaneous and bicuculline-evoked activity. Collectively, this work suggests that a recent history of graded potential changes acutely depresses neuronal intrinsic properties and subsequent responses. Such effects may have several potential downstream implications, including reducing signal-to-noise ratio during Hebbian plasticity processes.

Changing Role of Stimulus Intensity as a Determinant of Infants' Attention

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Ruff ◽  
Gerald Turkewitz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Successive Stimulus ◽  
Changing Role

When pairs of stimuli which varied in size or brightness and in pattern were presented to 6-, 9- and 24-wk.-olds, the visual attention of the younger infants appeared to be more influenced by size or brightness than by pattern, while the opposite was the case for the oldest infants. The results of another study suggested that the effects of size and brightness were additive for 9-wk.-olds. Finally, a third study using a subject-control procedure with successive stimulus presentation yielded results which were essentially the same as those of the first study. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that amount of stimulation is a major determinant of attention in the first 2 mo. and that its effectiveness decreases with age.

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