scholarly journals Operant variability: Procedures and processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Machado ◽  
François Tonneau
Keyword(s):  
Operant Variability

scholarly journals Operant variability: Evidence, functions, and theory

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Neuringer
Keyword(s):  
Operant Variability

Differences in Sustained Operant Variability Levels

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah E. Racey ◽  
Michael E. Young ◽  
Eric A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Operant Variability

Operant variability and voluntary action.

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 972-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Neuringer ◽  
Greg Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Operant Variability

scholarly journals Operant variability: Some random thoughts

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jackson Marr
Keyword(s):  
Operant Variability

scholarly journals Reinforcement and induction of operant variability

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Neuringer
Keyword(s):  
Operant Variability

scholarly journals Operant variability when reinforcement is delayed

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Wagner ◽  
Allen Neuringer
Keyword(s):  
Operant Variability

scholarly journals Choice Under Conditions of Uncertainty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Schedule ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Concurrent Schedules ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Operant Variability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Behavior

All behavior varies, and behavior under a wide range of circumstances displays high levels of variability. This is especially true under many concurrent schedules of reinforcement, despite those schedules not being designed to elicit unpredictable behavior. A generalized matching analysis was performed to measure the effects of reinforcement on 5-item choice under two conditions: Probabilistic concurrent schedules and threshold-based operant variability schedules. Behavior was analyzed in terms of conditional probabilities, incorporating trial-by-trial response dynamics into the model. Performing this analysis meant overcoming a major difficulty: Obtained reinforcement is not a valid independent predictor of behavior the two are causally interlinked. The method of instrumental variable estimation is utilized to overcome the “endogeneity” of reinforcement, which permits unbiased estimation of the causal influence of reinforcement on responding. The analysis revealed a simple relationship between choices made and the distances traveled to make them. Subjects were more willing to travel through the chamber under the Concurrent schedule than under the Variability schedule. As a result, with respect to predicting a subject’s next response, Concurrent schedules elicited higher levels of behavioral variability than did Variability schedules. However, longer-term behavior under the Variability schedules better resembled a steady-state random process.

Operant variability and the power of reinforcement.

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Neuringer
Keyword(s):  
Operant Variability
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