Effects of relaxin on the mouse mammary gland. III. The fat pad

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bianchi ◽  
G. Bani ◽  
M. Bigazzi
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Fat Pad

Participation of two different mesenchymes in the developing mouse mammary gland: synthesis of basement membrane components by fat pad precursor cells

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Koji Kimata ◽  
Teruyo Sakakura ◽  
Yutaka Inaguma ◽  
Masato Kato ◽  
Yasuaki Nishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Flank Region ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Matrix Products ◽  
Membrane Components

Two different types of mesenchyme, fat pad precursor cells (FP) and fibroblastic cells (MM) are involved in the morphogenesis of mammary gland epithelium of mouse embryo. Especially, an interaction between FP and the epithelium is necessary for its characteristic shaping of ductal branching structure. To assess the relative participations of the mesenchymes, we have analysed the extracellular matrix products by immunofluorescent staining method using antibodies to laminin, proteoheparan sulphate, and fibronectin. The staining patterns suggested that, after the 16th day of gestation when fatty substances first appeared in FP and the epithelial rudiments started to elongate and branch rapidly, FP initiated synthesis of laminin and proteoheparan sulphate, while MM synthesized fibronectin at all times. Attention was also paid to differences in the epithelial basement membranes (BM) concomitant with ones in the mesenchyme. BM were always stained with antibodies to laminin and proteoheparan sulphate. However, topographical differences in thickness were observed: the one facing FP, often seen at the tip region of the end bud, was thin, while the other surrounded by MM, often at the flank region of the duct, was thick. Specific elaboration of BM-like extracellular matrix products by FP may attribute to observed differences in BM thickness which are related to the characteristic shaping of the mammary gland.

Expression of a prolactin-like factor in preneoplastic and neoplastic mouse mammary gland and cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Jahnke ◽  
C S Trempus ◽  
F W Kari ◽  
R P DiAugustine
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Spontaneous Tumors ◽  
Western Analysis ◽  
Mammary Cell ◽  
Mammary Fat Pad

ABSTRACT Prolactin is a member of the growth hormone family and is required for the growth and terminal differentiation of the mammary gland. Ectopic production of this hormone has been reported in several species, including rat, sheep, goat and human mammary tissues. In this study, mouse mammary cell lines, xenographs in the mammary gland from these cell lines and from hyperplastic alveolar nodules, spontaneous tumors, and normal tissues were studied for de novo production of this growth factor. Prolactin transcripts were found by reverse transcriptase PCR in some neoplastic and preneoplastic tissues and in mouse mammary cell lines, NOG8 and CDNR4, but were not detected in the normal mouse mammary gland. Northern analysis revealed a 1 kb transcript for both cell lines that co-migrated with the prolactin pituitary transcript. Conditioned medium from NOG8 cells was positive for prolactin bioactivity by the Nb2 rat lymphoma cell proliferation assay, and Western analysis revealed the presence of immunoreactive proteins at Mr 14 000 and 60 000. Prolactin-like bioactivity was not detected in conditioned medium from CDNR4 cells, but an immunoreactive protein of Mr 60 000 was detected by Western analysis. The mouse mammary cell line, Comma D, was negative for prolactin transcripts; however, adenocarcinomas derived from inoculation of Comma D cells into the cleared mammary fat pad were positive by reverse transcriptase PCR in two of four cases. Hyperplastic outgrowths maintained in the cleared mammary fat pad as well as spontaneous tumors were positive for prolactin transcripts in one of four cases. These results suggest that prolactin can be produced ectopically by the neoplastic mouse mammary gland.

Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin frozen sections of lactating mouse mammary gland

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Jan Zarzycki ◽  
Joseph Szroeder
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections

The mammary gland ultrastructure in various functional states is the object of our investigations. The material prepared for electron microscopic examination by the conventional chemical methods has several limitations, the most important are the protein denaturation processes and the loss of large amounts of chemical constituents from the cells. In relevance to this,one can't be sure about a degree the observed images are adequate to the realy ultrastructure of a living cell. To avoid the disadvantages of the chemical preparation methods,some autors worked out alternative physical methods based on tissue freezing / freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, freeze-eatching techniqs/; actually the technique of cryoultraraicrotomy,i,e.cutting ultrathin sections from deep frozen specimens is assented as a complete alternative method. According to the limitations of the routine plastic embbeding methods we were interested to analize the mammary gland ultrastructure during lactation by the cryoultramicrotomy method.

mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in mouse mammary gland in different lactation stages

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Li-Qiang HAN ◽  
Hong-Ji LI ◽  
Yue-Ying WANG ◽  
Lin-Feng WANG ◽  
Guo-Qing YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Lipogenic Genes
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