Attention to the hiding iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women after universal salt iodization: A multi-community study in China

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Q. Yan ◽  
Z. P. Chen ◽  
X. M. Yang ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
J. X. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Salt Iodization

scholarly journals Iodine Deficiency Disorder Among Filipino School Children, Pregnant and Lactating Women and the Elderly 20 Years After the Act for Salt Iodization Nationwide Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah A. Perlas ◽  
Joselita Rosario C. Ulanday ◽  
Juanita M. Marcos ◽  
Michael E. Serafico ◽  
Josefina A. Desnacido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Salt Iodization

Study on Association between Height, Weight, Iodine Supplementation and Thyroid Volume

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Lanchun Liu ◽  
Lixiang Liu ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Random Pairing ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Salt Iodine ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The policy of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) could reduce population’s thyroid volume (TVOL) in iodine deficiency areas. Conversely, the improved growth and developmental status of children might increase the TVOL accordingly. Whether the decreased TVOL by USI conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and TVOL. Five national Iodine Deficiency Disorder surveys were matched into four pairs according to the purpose of analysis. County-level data of both detected by paired surveys were incorporated, 1: 1 random pairing method was used to match counties or individuals. The difference of TVOL between different height, weight, different iodine supplementation measures groups and the association between TVOL and them were studied. The mean height and weight of children aged 8-10 years increased from 129.9cm and 26.9kg in 2002 to 136.2cm and 32.1kg in 2019; while the median TVOL decreased from 3.10ml to 2.61ml. Iodine supplementation measures can affect TVOL; after exclude iodine effects, the median TVOL was increased with the height and weight. On the other side, after excluding the influence of height and weight, the median TVOL remained decreased. Only age, weight and salt iodine were significant associated with TVOL in multiple linear models. Development of height and weight in children is the evidence of improved nutrition. The decreased TVOL caused by iodized salt measures conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL. Age, weight, and salt iodine affect TVOL significantly.

Study of Urinary Iodine Level Assessment and its Relation to Thyroid Function during Pregnancy

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Shoukry Mohamed ◽  
Merhan Samy Nasr ◽  
Salah Hussien El-Halawany ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Abbas ◽  
Salma Said Hassan Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Excess ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Iodine Level

Abstract Background The global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to poor monitoring, is currently a more frequent occurrence than iodine deficiency. Iodine excess is a precipitating environmental factor in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. Aim of the study to evaluate the urinary iodine level as a marker of iodine status in pregnant women in 3rd trimester and assess its relation to thyroid functions. Patients and Methods This Cross Sectional Study was conducted on 100 subjects with their ages ranging from 18-35 years old, pregnant females, at the third trimester, selected from Obstetric Out- patient Clinic of Ain shams University Hospitals. Samples were collected from participants in cairo, during the Spring and Summer from March to August. Results in our study, there was a significant negative correlation between Urinary Iodine level and TSH as Iodine difficient group has the Highest TSH, and the Highest Thyroid Volume, as there was a significant negative correlation between Urinary Iodine level and Thyroid Volume. Conclusion TSH level and Thyroid Volume were global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to significantly higher in Iodine difficient group than Excess iodine group, And FT4 level was lower in Iodine difficient group than excess iodine group.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INDICATOR VALUE IN THE IODINE AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT — EVIDENCE FROM THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
E. A. Troshina ◽  
A. A. Rybakova ◽  
S. I. Kutsev ◽  
N. М. Platonova ◽  
E. A. Panfilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Availability Assessment

Background: In the Russian Federation, newborn screening comprises thyroid stimulating hormone determination to exclude primary congenital hypothyroidism. Screening is carried out throughout Russia. Neonatal TSH can be used to assess iodine deficiency and monitor iodine prevention programs.Objective: To assess and compare official statistical data on congenital hypothyroidism, the prevalence of hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency syndrome in children, as well as urinary iodine in the Russian regions.Materials and methods: The level of neonatal TSH was determined in 97.69% of children born in the Russian Federation in 2017. This article represents the results on the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the regions with various iodine availability. The correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship of CH incidence in newborns and iodine availability.Results: The calculated correlation coefficient, which was 0.2, reflects a weak relationship between the degree of iodine deficiency in the region and the number of newborns diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism.Conclusions: In the Russian Federation, a law on universal salt iodization does not exist, and many regions are still in conditions of moderate or severe iodine deficiency. To assess the iodine status in these particular regions, we could use the results of newborn TSH screening

scholarly journals People's Knowledge and Practice of Salt Iodization, as Well as the Assessment of Iodine Content in Salt in the Cumilla Region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Sadia Jahan ◽  
Md. Saddam Hossain ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
Susmita Roy Lisa ◽  
Somaia Haque Chadni
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Behavior

Aim: To evaluate the household iodine content and knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding salt iodization among the residents of Cumilla, Bangladesh. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 700 inhabitants in Cumilla's urban and rural areas to determine the iodine concentration of salt they consume. The participants were asked about what they know about iodine deficiency and salt iodization as well as how their salt was packaged and stored. Among them, 338 people provided a sample of salt to be tested of its iodine content by the titrimetric method. Results: 46.57% of people knew that iodization was the best way to prevent iodine deficiency while 35.14% considered salt iodization during purchasing. Most people stored salt in plastic boxes (89.7%) and closed containers (84.14%).Among all participants, only 37.14% of people were aware of the iodine requirement during pregnancy. In urban regions, the median iodine content was 36.76 ppm (OR=0.658, 95% CI, 0.469-0.925), while in rural areas, the median iodine content was 40.92 ppm (OR=1.188, 95% CI, 1.022-1.380). Iodine levels were less than 15 ppm (minimum limit) in 6.8% of samples and greater than 40 ppm (maximum limit) in 56.5%. Only 36.7% of the salt samples contained adequate iodine. Conclusion: An effective and consistent approach for controlling iodine concentration in distributed salt is required at Cumilla, Bangladesh.

Goiter Prevalence and Urinary Iodine Excretion in Schoolchildren of Jordan

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kharabsheh ◽  
Belbesi ◽  
Qarqash ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Monitoring Survey

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are considered a major health problem in the eastern Mediterranean region. In Jordan, an IDD assessment was performed in 1993 following which, a salt iodization and consumption program was implemented and a monitoring survey performed in 2000. In schoolchildren 8 to 10 years of age (2457 in 1993 and 2601 in 2000) goiter was graded according to WHO classification. Urinary iodine was measured in 10% of the children in 1993 and in all of them in 2000. Percent of iodine consumption in households was assessed by rapid kit test in 2000. Prevalence of goiter was 37.7 and 32.1% and median urinary iodine was 40 and 154 mug/L, in 1993 and 2000, respectively. Before salt iodization, the prevalence of goiter and severity of iodine deficiency was more pronounced in rural regions and in the southern part of Jordan. In 2000, all but one governorate had a median urinary iodine (MUI) of above 100 mug/L. The percentage of urinary iodine levels < 50 mug in two governorates was > 20%. Iodine consumption rate of households was 88.3% throughout the country, but was < 70% in three governorates. It is concluded that moderate and severe IDD existed before 1993 in Jordan. Although the iodized salt program has been successful in optimizing MUI, the program for the control of IDD needs further improvement.

scholarly journals Urinary iodine concentration: a biochemical parameter for assessing the iodine status

Mediscope ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
GM Molla
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Excessive Iodine ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Neonates And Infants

Iodine is a micronutrient, which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones play a major role in the development of different functional components in different stages of life. The relationship between iodine intake level of a population and occurrences of thyroid disorders U-shaped with an increase from both low and high iodine intake. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) are a major health problem worldwide in all age groups, but infants, school children, and pregnant and lactating women are vulnerable. During pregnancy and lactation, the fetus and infants are sensitive to maternal iodine intake. Even mild iodine deficiency may lead to irreversible brain damage during this period. A main cause of IDDs of neonates and infants is maternal iodine deficiency. Universal salt iodization strategy has been initiated by the World Health Organization and United Nation International Children Emergency Fund by the year 1993 for correction and prevention of iodine deficiency. Excessive iodine causes hypothyroidism, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Iodine deficiency and excessive iodine, both cause goiter. There are many indicators for assessing the IDDs, such as measurement of thyroid size by palpation or ultrasonography, serum thyroid stimulating hormone, and thyroglobulin but these are less sensitive, costly and sometimes interpretation is difficult. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is a well-accepted, cost-efficient, and easily obtainable indicator of iodine status. Since the majority of iodine absorbed by the body is excreted in the urine, it is considered a sensitive marker of current iodine intake and can reflect recent changes in iodine status. Iodine requirements are greatly increased during pregnancy and lactation, owing to metabolic changes. During intrauterine life, maternal iodine is the only source of iodine for a fetus. UIC determines the iodine status of pregnant and lactating women. Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breastfed neonates and infants. Breast milk iodine concentration can be determined by UIC. UIC predicts the adverse health consequences of excessive iodine intake such as goiter, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. This review presents that iodine status in different groups of a population can be determined by UIC which will be helpful in assessing the iodine status in a community, finding out the cause of thyroid disorders, to predict the risk of adverse health effects of iodine deficiency and excessive iodine, and in making plan for iodine supplementation.Mediscope Vol. 5, No. 2: Jul 2018, Page 30-35

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