Differences in body composition between female geriatric hip fracture patients and healthy controls: Body fat is more important as explanatory factor for the fracture than body weight and lean body mass

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Galvard ◽  
S. Elmståhl ◽  
B. Elmståhl ◽  
S-M. Samuelsson ◽  
E. Robertsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Geriatric Hip Fracture

Somatotype, Body Composition and Explosive Power of Athlete and Non-Athlete

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Saha Sukanta
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Explosive Power

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the effect of somatotype and body composition variables on leg explosive power of college level men students. The sample consisted of 500 young college students, divided into two groups: athletes (N= 250) undergoing Bachelor of Physical Education course whose mean age 23.86 ± 0.36 years; and non-athletes (N= 250) college students who do not take part regular physical activities and mean age 22.16 ± 0.88 years. The somatotype was assessed using the Heath & Carter method. Assessing body composition of the subject various anthropometric measurements were taken. Sargent vertical jump test was used to measure leg explosive power. The measures were compared between the two groups using the Student t-test for independent samples. The two groups differed significantly (p≤0.01) in terms of body weight, % body fat, lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass and somatotype. The findings of the present study showing that athlete have higher mean values in leg explosive power (p≤0.01) than non-athlete. The leg explosive power was positively significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with % skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, mesomorphy and ectomorphy components of somatotype; on the other hand body weight, height, % body fat, body surface area and endomorphy component of somatotype significantly (p≤0.01) negatively correlated. In conclusion, somatotype and body composition variables are important factors in determining leg explosive power.

Effect of temperature and/or sweetness of beverages on body composition in rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Ragi ◽  
N. El-Helou ◽  
C. El-Mallah ◽  
A. Eid ◽  
O. A. Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations

Abstract Sweetened beverages are mainly consumed cold and various processes are activated in response to external temperature variations. However, the effect of internal temperature variations through the ingestion of cold beverages is far from clear. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of beverage temperature on body composition. Sprague–Dawley rats (5–6-week-old males) had free access to food and beverage for 8 weeks. Energy intake, body weight and body composition were monitored. In Expt 1, two groups of rats (n 9) consumed water at room temperature (NW about 22°C) or cold (CW about 4°C). In Expt 2, rats were offered room-temperature (N) or cold (C) sweetened water (10 % sucrose CSu (n 7) and NSu (n 8); or 0·05 % acesulfame K CAk (n 6) and NAk (n 8)) for 12 h, followed by plain water. Our results show that in Expt 1, CW had higher lean body mass (P < 0·001) and lower body fat gain (P = 0·004) as compared with NW. In Expt 2, body weight (P = 0·013) and fat (P ≤ 0·001) gains were higher in the non-energetic sweetened groups, while lean body mass was not affected by the type of sweeteners or temperature. In conclusion, cold water ingestion improved lean body mass gain and decreased fat gain because of increased energy expenditure, while non-energetic sweetener (acesulfame K) increased body fat gain due to improved energy efficiency. Internal cold exposure failed to increase energy intake in contrast to that of external cold exposure.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Temperature of Plain or Sweetened Water on Body Composition in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla El-Mallah ◽  
Marie-Elizabeth Ragi ◽  
Nehmat El-Helou ◽  
Omar Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Weight Changes

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Humans are known to adapt to external temperature variations by altering energy intake, expenditure, and body fat storage for insulation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. However, it is not clear whether the temperature of ingested water would induce such effects. Similarly, the involvement of the temperature of the ingested beverage has not been addressed in terms of body weight changes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study was to investigate the effect of the ingestion of plain or sweetened water with varied temperatures on growth measures of rats. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the American University of Beirut. After a 1-week adaptation period, 5- to 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into their respective experimental groups, housed individually (22 ± 1°C, reverse light cycle 12:12 h dark/light, light off at 10:00 a.m.) with free access to food and beverage for 8 weeks. <b><i>Experiment 1 (Plain Water):</i></b> Two groups of rats (<i>n</i> = 9) consumed room-temperature [∼22°C] (NW) or cold [∼5°C] (CW) water. <b><i>Experiment 2 (Sweetened Water):</i></b> Four groups of rats were offered sweetened water for 12 h, followed by plain water; (1) 10% sucrose + cold temperature (CS, <i>n</i> = 7), (2) 10% sucrose + room temperature (NS, <i>n</i> = 8), (3) 0.05% acesulfame K + cold temperature (CA, <i>n</i> = 7), and 4) 0.05% acesulfame K + room temperature (NA, <i>n</i> = 8). Food and beverage intake, body weight, and body composition were monitored using NMR minispec (LF110 Body Composition Analyzer, Bruker, USA) and energy expenditure was calculated based on the equation developed by Ravussin et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>]. Significance was set at a <i>p</i> value &#x3c;0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Experiment 1: Body weight changes were similar between groups (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>-Exp 1a). In the CW group, lean body mass (%) was significantly higher, while body fat (%) was lower than the NW (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>-Exp 1b, c). These changes may relate to the calculated total energy expenditure [NW: 66.73 ± 4.49 kcal/day and CW: 73.75 ± 3.92 kcal/day) (<i>p</i> value = 0.003) since energy intake (NW: 89.97 ± 7.63 kcal/day vs. CW: 93.29 ± 6.26 kcal/day, <i>p</i> value = 0.329) was similar between groups. Experiment 2: Body weight of the CA group was higher than that of the other groups (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>-Exp 2a). Lean body mass (%) of the sucrose-sweetened water groups (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>-Exp 2b, c) was significantly higher, while body fat (%) was lower than that of the non-caloric sweetened water groups; these were not affected by the temperature of the beverage. Those variations are mostly explained by the differences in energy expenditure (<i>p</i> value temperature × sweetener = 0.015), as energy intake was not significantly different between groups. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Cold plain water decreased body fat and increased lean body mass with no effect on total body weight. Sucrose-sweetened water had a better impact on body composition irrespective of the temperature of the beverage. The beneficial effects are mainly due to increased energy expenditure rather than variations in energy intake. Thus, the energy cost of warming the water seems to have been derived from an increase in fat oxidation.

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

Changes in the aerobic capacity and body composition in obese boys after reduction

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 934-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŠtĚpánka Šprynarová ◽  
Jana Pařízková
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship

Seven obese boys submitted themselves to a 7-week regimen of dietary restriction and regular exercise. Measurements were made at the beginning and end of the period. A significant drop in body weight was achieved by reduction of adipose tissue and also of lean body mass (LBM). The ratio of LBM to body weight increased. These changes were associated with significant drop of maximum oxygen consumption. The increase of the Vo2 max per kilogram of body weight and the drop of the Vo2 max per kilogram of LBM were not significant. Between the decrease of LBM and the drop of Vo2 max there exists a significant negative relationship; and between the decrease of LBM and the rise of the Vo2 max per kilogram of body weight, a significant positive relationship. The decrease of Vo2 max in these boys was not considered due to deteriorated circulatory or respiratory function but to changes in body composition. maximum O2 consumption; body weight reduction; lean body mass Submitted on February 17, 1964

Exercise and body composition

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 994-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Ad Libitum

We assessed changes in body composition in 41 young adults who engaged in various exercise and/or training programs on ad libitum diets. Most of those who gained weight sustained an increase in lean body mass (LBM), and most of those who lost weight lost LBM as well as fat. The change in LBM was directly related to the change in weight, with a regression slope of 0.500. An analysis of published data confirms these findings and, in concert with our data, provides the additional information that the magnitude of the change in body composition in exercising individuals is influenced by body fat content, just as it is for nonexercising individuals.

scholarly journals Associations between folate intake, body composition, and liver status in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Młodzik-Czyżewska ◽  
Anna Malinowska ◽  
Agata Chmurzynska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

AbstractA link has recently been underlined between one-carbon metabolism and body weight and body composition, suggesting that folate may account for body mass determination and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was thus to analyze whether folate intake is associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and liver status.409 subjects aged 20–40 were enrolled in Poznań, Poland from 2016 to 2018. Food intake was assessed using three-day food records. Folate intake was calculated based on food composition tables using the Diet 5.0 program (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland). Weight to 0.1 kg and height to 0.01 m were measured using an electronic scale and a stadiometer, respectively. BMI was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Fat mass and lean body mass were determined using whole-body air-displacement plethysmography (BodPod, Cosmed, Italy). Genotyping of rs1801133 (MTHFR) was performed with TaqMan probes. The following biomarkers of liver steatosis were calculated: NAFLD liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS), fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). To analyze the associations between folate intake and the measured parameters, we used multiple regression with adjustments for age, sex, and energy intake.The mean body weight was 78.57 ± 18.14 kg, BMI 25.96 ± 5.28 kg/m2, and fat percentage 29.20% ± 10.78%. The median folate intake was 299.3 μg/day. Dietary folate intake was negatively associated with body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage (p < 0.05 for all associations). Folate intake was also associated with fatty liver indices—namely HSI (p < 0.05) and FLI (p < 0.05). There was no association between folate intake and NAFLD-LFS. MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was not associated with any of the measured parameters.Our findings suggest that folate intake may affect body weight and composition, as well as liver status. Higher folate intake could have a protective effect against obesity, but further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanism.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre(grants 2014/15/B/NZ9/02134 and 2016/21/N/NZ9/01195).

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise-induced changes in body composition and blood lipids in young women

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvydas Stasiulis ◽  
Asta Mockienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽  
Pranas Mockus
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Cycling Training

The objective of the study was to assess changes in body composition, blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 18–24-year-old women during the period of two-month aerobic cycling training. Material and methods. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women (n=19) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided in two groups: experimental (E, n=10) and control (C, n=9). The subjects of group E exercised 3 times a week with intensity of the first ventilatory threshold and duration of 60 min. The group C did not exercise regularly over a two-month period of the experiment. The subjects of group E were tested before and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the experiment. The participants of group C were tested twice with an eight-week interval. Results. Body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) concentration increased after the 8-week training program in the experimental group (P<0.05). Blood total cholesterol (Tch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) concentrations did not change significantly. Body weight and body mass index started to decrease after 2 weeks of the experiment, but significant changes were observed only after 6 and 8 weeks. Body fat mass was significantly decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of aerobic training. A significant increase in HDL-ch concentration was observed after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. A significant decrease in TAG concentration was observed after 2-week training. No significant changes in all the parameters except TAG (it was slightly increased) were seen in the control group. Conclusions. The two-month aerobic cycling training (within VT1, 60-min duration, three times a week) may induce significant changes in the parameters of body composition – body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and blood lipids – in young women. The following significant changes were observed: TAG level decreased after 2 weeks, body mass and body mass index decreased after 6 weeks, body fat mass decreased and HDL-ch level increased after 8 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake increased after 4 weeks.

scholarly journals Correlation of a feline muscle mass score with body composition determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S57-S59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Michel ◽  
Wendy Anderson ◽  
Carolyn Cupp ◽  
Dorothy P. Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
X Ray

Body condition scoring (BCS) systems primarily assess body fat. Both overweight and underweight animals may have loss of lean tissue that may not be noted using standard BCS systems. Catabolism of lean tissue can occur rapidly, may account for a disproportionate amount of body mass loss in sick cats and can have deleterious consequences for outcome. Therefore, along with evaluation of body fat, patients should undergo evaluation of muscle mass. The aims of the present study were first to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of a 4-point feline muscle mass scoring (MMS) system and second to assess the convergent validity of MMS by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). MMS was as follows: 3, normal muscle mass; 2, slight wasting; 1, moderate wasting; 0, severe wasting. For the first aim, forty-four cats were selected for evaluation based on age and BCS, and for the second aim, thirty-three cats were selected based on age, BCS and MMS. Cats were scored by ten different evaluators on three separate occasions. Body composition was determined by DXA. Inter- and intra-rater agreement were assessed using kappa analysis. Correlation between MMS and BCS, age, percentage lean body mass and lean body mass (LBM) was determined using Spearman's rank-order correlation. The MMS showed moderate inter-rater agreement in cats that scored normal or severely wasted (κ = 0·48–0·53). Intra-rater agreement was substantial (κ = 0·71–0·73). The MMS was significantly correlated with BCS (r 0·76, P < 0·0001), age (r − 0·75, P < 0·0001), LBM (g) (r 0·62, P < 0·0001) and percentage LBM (r − 0·49, P < 0·0035). Additional investigation is needed to determine whether the MMS can be refined and to assess its clinical applicability.

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