Homeostasis in the small intestinal mucosa balanced between cell proliferation and apoptosis is regulated partly by the central nervous system

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (S14) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Fujimoto ◽  
Ryuichi Iwakiri ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Takehiro Fujise ◽  
Seiji Tsunada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestinal

Transport of bovine serum albumin across rat jejunum: role of the enteric nervous system

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. G186-G193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Kimm ◽  
G. H. Curtis ◽  
J. A. Hardin ◽  
D. G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Rat Jejunum ◽  
Small Intestinal

To assess the mechanisms for movement of antigenically intact macromolecules across small intestinal mucosa, transport kinetics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) uptake and the effect of neural and metabolic inhibition were examined in stripped short-circuited rat jejunum. The mucosa was exposed to BSA, and, after a 50-min equilibration, mucosal-to-serosal movement of immunologically intact BSA was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and total BSA by radiolabeled 125I-BSA. Intact BSA uptake demonstrated saturable kinetics. Immunologically intact BSA crossed the intestinal mucosa as 4.5% of total 125I-BSA flux. Colchicine and 4 degrees C significantly reduced uptake of immunologically intact BSA. NaF significantly reduced uptake of immunologically intact BSA and 125I-BSA. Treatment with tetrodotoxin significantly reduced intact BSA uptake, but did not significantly alter total BSA uptake. The muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist atropine also significantly inhibited transport of intact BSA, whereas the nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist hexamethonium had no effect. These findings indicate that transport of intact macromolecules across small intestinal mucosa is a saturable energy-dependent process that utilizes the microtubular network and is regulated by the enteric nervous system primarily through cholinergic nerves acting on muscarinic receptors.

Vagovagal reflex control of digestion: afferent modulation by neural and "endoneurocrine" factors

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. G1-G10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Rogers ◽  
D. M. McTigue ◽  
G. E. Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Reflex Control ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
The Brain

Vagovagal reflex control circuits in the dorsal vagal complex of the brain stem provide overall coordination of gastric, small intestinal, and pancreatic digestive functions. The neural components forming these reflex circuits are under substantial descending neural control. By adjusting the excitability of the differing components of the reflex, significant alterations in digestion control can be produced by the central nervous system. Additionally, the dorsal vagal complex is situated within a circumventricular region without a "blood-brain barrier." As a result, vagovagal reflex circuitry is also exposed to humoral influences, which can profoundly alter digestive functions by acting directly on brain stem neurons.

Cell proliferation in the central nervous system of an adult semiterrestrial crab

2021 ◽  
Vol 384 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Gabriela Hollmann ◽  
Paula Grazielle Chaves da Silva ◽  
Rafael Linden ◽  
Silvana Allodi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Liquiritin in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Disruption on Blood Brain Barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengting Li ◽  
Jia Ke ◽  
Yiqing Deng ◽  
Chunxiang Chen ◽  
Yichen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Differential Proteins ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in human life health, but current treatment strategies are limited to thrombolytic therapy, and because of the tight time window, many contraindications, and only a very small number of people can benefit from it, new therapeutic strategies are needed to solve this problem. As a physical barrier between the central nervous system and blood, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Maintaining the integrity of the BBB may emerge as a new therapeutic strategy. Liquiritin (LQ) is a flavonoid isolated from the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. (Fabaceae), and this study aims to investigate the protective effects of LQ on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), to provide a new therapeutic strategy for stroke treatment, and also to provide research ideas for the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Methods: The protective effects of LQ on HBMECs under the treatment of hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) were investigated from different aspects by establishing a model of H/R injury to mimic ischemia-reperfusion in vivo while administrating different concentrations of LQ, which includes: cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, mitochondrial membrane potential as well as apoptosis. Meanwhile, the mechanism of LQ to protect the integrity of BBB by antioxidation and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also investigated. Finally, to search for possible targets of LQ, a proteomic analysis approach was employed.Results: LQ can promote cell proliferation, migration as well as angiogenesis and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential damage and apoptosis. Meanwhile, LQ can also reduce the expression of related adhesion molecules, and decrease the production of reactive oxygen species. In terms of mechanism study, we demonstrated that LQ could activate Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, inhibit ER stress, and maintain the integrity of BBB. Through differential protein analysis, 5 disease associated proteins were found.Conclusions: Studies have shown that LQ can promote cell proliferation, migration as well as angiogenesis, and reduce cell apoptosis, which may be related to its inhibition of oxidative and ER stress, and then maintain the integrity of BBB. Given that five differential proteins were found by protein analysis, future studies will revolve around the five differential proteins.

scholarly journals SOCS3 is Related to Cell Proliferation in Neuronal Tissue: An Integrated Analysis of Bioinformatics and Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeuni Yu ◽  
Soon Ki Sung ◽  
Chi Hyung Lee ◽  
Mihyang Ha ◽  
Junho Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Neuronal Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Genome Atlas

Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor that occurs in the central nervous system. Gliomas are subdivided according to a combination of microscopic morphological, molecular, and genetic factors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant tumor; however, efficient therapies or specific target molecules for GBM have not been developed. We accessed RNA-seq and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and the GSE16011 dataset, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were common to both GBM and lower-grade glioma (LGG) in three independent cohorts. The biological functions of common DEGs were examined using NetworkAnalyst. To evaluate the prognostic performance of common DEGs, we performed Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. We investigated the function of SOCS3 in the central nervous system using three GBM cell lines as well as zebrafish embryos. There were 168 upregulated genes and 50 downregulated genes that were commom to both GBM and LGG. Through survival analyses, we found that SOCS3 was the only prognostic gene in all cohorts. Inhibition of SOCS3 using siRNA decreased the proliferation of GBM cell lines. We also found that the zebrafish ortholog, socs3b, was associated with brain development through the regulation of cell proliferation in neuronal tissue. While additional mechanistic studies are necessary, our results suggest that SOCS3 is an important biomarker for glioma and that SOCS3 is related to the proliferation of neuronal tissue.

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