scholarly journals Assessment of airborne bacteria and fungi in an indoor and outdoor environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Yassin ◽  
S. Almouqatea
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality in New Zealand Office Buildings: Studies of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hany George Fouad
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

<p>The aim of this thesis was to investigate the levels of indoor airborne bacteria and fungi in fully sealed mechanically ventilated offices in New Zealand. One of the main objectives was to examine the indoor airborne bacterial and fungal levels in Auckland and Wellington offices and to compare the quality of indoor air in offices in both cities. Examining the differences in indoor airborne bacterial and fungal levels between complaint and non-complaint offices as well as comparing those levels with those of similar indoor environments overseas was also one of the main objectives of this thesis. Indoor and outdoor air data used in this thesis were recorded during commercial investigation of 235 offices in Auckland and Wellington by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) and Advanced Building Services (ABS). This data included measurements of indoor microclimatic parameters (temperature and relative humidity), indoor and outdoor airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations and indoor carbon dioxide levels. Statistical analyses showed the indoor bacterial levels in Auckland offices were significantly higher than those of Wellington offices. Indoor fungal levels in Auckland offices, on the other hand, were significantly below those of Wellington offices despite the fact that outdoor fungal levels in Auckland were at least three times higher than those of Wellington. No significant differences have been observed between airborne bacterial and fungal levels in complaint and non-complaint offices. Indoor airborne bacterial and fungal levels in New Zealand offices appeared also to be within the levels of those of overseas offices. However, as the bacterial and fungal sampling techniques used by ESR and ABS were different from those used in overseas studies and this can affect airborne bacterial and fungal absolute counts significantly, care is needed in making such comparisons. Finally, an evaluation tool has been developed to overcome the difficulties associated with comparison between indoor airborne fungal levels obtained using different measurements techniques. This tool can be used to establish whether elevated fungal problems exist in an office environment and the likely causes of these problems.</p>

Investigations on Bacterial Load in the Rural and Urban Indoor and Outdoor Environment of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1520-1525
Author(s):  
Prachi Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Comparative analysis of airborne bacterial load in the rural and urban indoor and outdoor environment is of utmost importance to evaluate the wellbeing hazards linked with co3ntamination of airborne bacteria in the indoor environment. The present study was conducted during December, 2020 to March, 2021 among 50 randomly selected rural and urban (Adupurajagir and Gwalior, respectively) dwellings to determine the indoor and outdoor bacterial load. The mean load of 562.35 CFU/m3 airborne bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of a modular kitchen in Gwalior city. The mean load of 2593.75 CFU/m3 bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of the traditional kitchen in Adupurajagir village. In addition, bacterial load of respectively 1215.13 CFU/m3 and 783.03 CFU/m3 was calculated in the open space at both study sites. Based on morphological characteristics five bacterial species (spp.) were identified Staphylococcus aureus spp, Bacillus spp, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, E-coli spp, and Micrococcus spp. By gram staining method the most common bacteria were gram-positive (+ve) [n=85, 54.48% (37.17% cocci, 17.94% bacilli)] followed by gram-negative (-ve) [n=71, 45.51% (23.07% cocci, 21.79% bacilli)] identified. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed between bacterial load and physical factors of the indoor environment in the rural traditional kitchen. Bacterial load (CFU/m3) showed a significant correlation with temperature (p < 0.001). However, a non-significant correlation was recorded with relative humidity (p > 0.01). High bacterial load was found in the rural traditional kitchen’s indoor environment compared to urban modular kitchen. Outcomes from this study revealed that bioaerosol sampling could deliver fruitful knowledge about the variation of air quality and prevent possible hospital admissions.

Visiting Hours Impact on Indoor to Outdoor Ratio of Fungi Concentration at Golestan University Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Goudarzi ◽  
Zahra Soleimani ◽  
Batool Sadeghinejad ◽  
Mojgan Alighardashi ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Latifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Indoor Fungi ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Outdoor Fungi ◽  
Visiting Time ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Prevalence of diseases originated from air pollution such as asthma and allergies, can be attributed to the bioaerosols. Bacteria and fungi are the main sources of hospital infections, which cause most of the diseases and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration, the effect of population and people density on fungi concentration and the relationship between indoor and outdoor environment. In this study, three stations were used: outdoor of the hospital, general indoor and ICU wards of the Ahvaz hospital. These locations were chosen for sampling of the airborne fungi from October to December 2010. The samples were collected in 2 min, flow rate of 28.3 L/min using quick take (SKC Inc., PA, USA), based on the Andersen method.The three dominant culturable fungi genera in sampling stations were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium. The average of total culturable fungi concentration before visiting time was 365.8 CFU m-3 and increased to 578CFU m-3 after visiting time. The indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) in ICU and internal for fungi before visit were 0.36 and 0.68, respectively. However, these ratios in ICU and internal station for fungi after visit were 0.78 and 0.99, respectively. Following the visit of the visitors, the concentration of fungi available indoor was conspicuously higher (even in the wards in which no visitors were allowed; e.g. ICU, etc). Hence the amount of indoor fungi was affected by the concentration of outdoor fungi and visitors crowd.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality in New Zealand Office Buildings: Studies of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hany George Fouad
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

<p>The aim of this thesis was to investigate the levels of indoor airborne bacteria and fungi in fully sealed mechanically ventilated offices in New Zealand. One of the main objectives was to examine the indoor airborne bacterial and fungal levels in Auckland and Wellington offices and to compare the quality of indoor air in offices in both cities. Examining the differences in indoor airborne bacterial and fungal levels between complaint and non-complaint offices as well as comparing those levels with those of similar indoor environments overseas was also one of the main objectives of this thesis. Indoor and outdoor air data used in this thesis were recorded during commercial investigation of 235 offices in Auckland and Wellington by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) and Advanced Building Services (ABS). This data included measurements of indoor microclimatic parameters (temperature and relative humidity), indoor and outdoor airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations and indoor carbon dioxide levels. Statistical analyses showed the indoor bacterial levels in Auckland offices were significantly higher than those of Wellington offices. Indoor fungal levels in Auckland offices, on the other hand, were significantly below those of Wellington offices despite the fact that outdoor fungal levels in Auckland were at least three times higher than those of Wellington. No significant differences have been observed between airborne bacterial and fungal levels in complaint and non-complaint offices. Indoor airborne bacterial and fungal levels in New Zealand offices appeared also to be within the levels of those of overseas offices. However, as the bacterial and fungal sampling techniques used by ESR and ABS were different from those used in overseas studies and this can affect airborne bacterial and fungal absolute counts significantly, care is needed in making such comparisons. Finally, an evaluation tool has been developed to overcome the difficulties associated with comparison between indoor airborne fungal levels obtained using different measurements techniques. This tool can be used to establish whether elevated fungal problems exist in an office environment and the likely causes of these problems.</p>

Assessment of the indoor air quality based on airborne bacteria and fungi measurements in a public school of Istanbul

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuket Sivri ◽  
Ahmet Ozgur Dogru ◽  
Arzu Funda Bagcigil ◽  
Kemal Metiner ◽  
Dursun Zafer Seker
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Public School ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Design of Hybrid Mobile Service Robot

2012 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Jánoš ◽  
Mikuláš Hajduk ◽  
Ján Semjon ◽  
Ľuboslava Šidlovská
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Mobile Platforms ◽  
Hybrid Platform ◽  
Moving Platform ◽  
Mobile Service Robot ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Wheels and legs are two widely accepted methodology used to move the moving platform to the ground. Wheels are human inventions, the rolls in a straight country excel in energy efficiency and speed of movement. Hybrid platform for integrating the benefits of legs and wheels with high mobility of both seems to be the "future" of mobile platforms for indoor and outdoor environment. This paper describes the design leg-wheel chassis for service robot.

Thermal Environmental Interference with Airborne Bacteria and Fungi Levels in Air-Conditioned Offices

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Wong ◽  
K.W. Mui ◽  
P.S. Hui ◽  
W.Y. Chan ◽  
A.K.Y. Law
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Environmental Interference

Heat Transfer Analysis and Energy-Saving Methods of the Exterior Windows in the Northern Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1233-1236
Author(s):  
Zhong Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Mathematical Formula ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In this paper, ways of heat transfer through windows and doors between the indoor and outdoor environment in the northern area are summarized. And every heat transfer way is described by mathematical formula. On this basis, methods to improve the energy saving performance of exterior windows are put forward according to factors affecting heat transfer through windows. The first method is increasing solar radiation heat, and then reducing heat loss by infiltration, and increasing the thermal resistance as much as possible. Ideal form of energy-saving window is proposed based on compared windows with different material and thermal resistance.

scholarly journals Airborne Bacteria and Fungi Concentration in Relation with Bedding Type in Broiler Houses

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Silvana POPESCU ◽  
Cristin BORDA ◽  
Cristina EL MAHDY ◽  
Eva Andrea LAZAR ◽  
Anamaria BLAGA PETREAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The aim of this work was the investigation of the effect of bedding type on the airborne concentration of bacteria and fungi in broiler houses. The study was performed in two commercial farms (A and B) with different bedding (chopped straw in farm A, sunflower seed hulls in farm B). The determination of the bacteria and fungi’s numbers was performed in the first and the sixth weeks of the production cycle. Both the concentration of the bacteria and fungi showed higher values in the farm A compared with the farm B, especially in the latter period of the production cycle. In both farms, significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded between the two periods of the determinations. The results of this study suggest that using sunflower seed hulls as bedding leads to lower levels of microbial contamination of the air in broiler houses, comparing with the use of chopped straw.

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