Age-related patterns of body composition and salivary testosterone among Ariaal men of Northern Kenya

Benjamin C. Campbell; Peter B. Gray; Peter T. Ellison

doi:10.1007/bf03324846

Age-related disparate shifts in the anorexic and hyperthermic effects of cholecystokinin (Cck): The influence of body composition

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2013.05.039 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 694-695

Author(s):

Erika Petervari ◽

Nora Furedi ◽

Alexandra Miko ◽

Gesine Anne Ingrid Heppeler ◽

Margit Gaspar-Koncsecsko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Age Related

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Age-Related Decline in Vertical Jumping Performance in Masters Track and Field Athletes: Concomitant Influence of Body Composition

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.643649 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

José R. Alvero-Cruz ◽

Mieszko Brikis ◽

Phil Chilibeck ◽

Petra Frings-Meuthen ◽

Jose F. Vico Guzmán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Old Age ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Track And Field ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Age Related ◽

Vertical Jumping ◽

Masters Athletes

Vertical jumping power declines with advancing age, which is theoretically explicable by loss of muscle mass and increases in body fat. However, the results of previous cross-sectional studies remain inconsistent on these relationships. The present study included 256 masters athletes who competed at the 2018 track and field world championships in Málaga, Spain. We assessed body composition with bioelectrical impedance (Inbody S10) and vertical jumping power with a Leonardo ground reaction force platform. Relationships between age, jumping power, and body composition were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of each factor on vertical jumping power. Age-related rates of decreases in maximal power and jump height were similar between male and female athletes. Percent fat-free mass and percent body fat were negatively and positively, respectively, associated with age in masters athletes and were comparable to those previously observed in the general population. Moreover, these effects in body composition can, to a great extent, explain the age-related decline in jumping power, an effect that seems at least partly independent of age. Finally, the multiple regression model to determine independent predictors of vertical jump performance yielded an overall R2 value of 0.75 with the inclusion of (1) athletic specialization in power events, (2) percent fat-free mass, and (3) phase angle. However, partial regression yielded significant effects of age, but not gender, on peak power, even when adjusting for athletic specialization, percent fat-free mass, and phase angle. We concluded that loss of skeletal muscle mass and changes in bio-impedance phase angle are important contributors to the age-related reduction in anaerobic power, even in adults who maintain high levels of physical activity into old age. However, age per se remains a significant predictor of vertical jump performance, further demonstrating deteriorated muscle quality at old age (sarcosthenia).

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Body Composition of Children in the Pre-pubertal and Early-pubertal Period: Are There Some Age-related and Intersexual Differences?

GYMNASIUM ◽

10.29081/gsjesh.2018.19.2.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XIX (2) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Pavol Čech ◽

Pavel Ružbarský ◽

Ľubomír Paučír ◽

Dalibor Dzugas

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Age Related ◽

Health Related ◽

Wallis Anova ◽

Vega 1

The aim of the presented study was to assess changes in body composition and intersexual differences among children at pre-pubertal and early-pubertal age. The research was designed as a non-randomized cross-section study. The screened sample consisted of 136 girls and 212 boys assigned into three groups according to their age. Body composition was measured using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). To examine the association between obesity and selected health-related parameters, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Eta2 were used. For evaluation of intersexual differences, Mann-Whitney U-test was used. The presented article is the part of VEGA 1/0840/17 project. From the perspective of age, neither in the group of girls nor boys we recorded any differences in indicators of body composition, namely in body fat mass index, body fat percentage and, in addition, in the group of girls in the waist to hip ratio parameter.

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Lifetime depression and age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, grip strength and lung function: sex-specific analyses in the UK Biobank

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S44-S44

Author(s):

Julian Mutz ◽

Cathryn M Lewis

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lung Function ◽

Cardiovascular Function ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Physiological Measures ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Age Related ◽

The Uk ◽

Age Related Changes

AimsIndividuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely, have higher levels of physical comorbidities and may experience accelerated ageing. In individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls, we examined associations between age and multiple physiological measures.MethodThe UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37–73 years, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with depression compared to healthy controls.ResultAnalytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with depression. These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in female cases was 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was 1 mmHg lower in cases at age 45 and this difference widened to 2.5 mmHg at age 65.ConclusionIndividuals with depression differed from healthy controls across a broad range of physiological measures. Differences in ageing trajectories differed by sex and were not uniform across physiological measures, with evidence of both age-related narrowing and widening of case-control differences.

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Sarcopenia, obesity, osteoporosis and old age

Sechenov Medical Journal ◽

10.47093/2218-7332.2020.11.4.23-35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 23-35

Author(s):

S. V. Topolyanskaya

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

The Elderly ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Term Care ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Age Related ◽

Diagnostic Approaches

Modern concepts about body composition in the elderly are described in the review. Particular attention is paid to possible causes and pathogenetic aspects of sarcopenia, as well as modern diagnostic approaches to its recognition. The ageing process is inevitably combined with diverse changes in body composition. This age-related evolution can be described by three main processes: a decrease in the growth and mineral density of bone tissue (osteopenia and osteoporosis); progressive decrease in muscle mass; an increase in adipose tissue (sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity) with its redistribution towards central and visceral fat accumulation. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are considered the main geriatric syndromes. These pathological conditions contribute to a significant decrease in the quality of life in the elderly; create conditions for the loss of independence and require long-term care, increase the frequency of hospitalizations and ultimately result in adverse outcomes.

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Associations among Physical Activity, Diet, and Obesity Measures Change during Adolescence

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2015/805065 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Janne H. Maier ◽

Ronald Barry

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Health Study ◽

Blood Institute ◽

Age Related ◽

Juvenile Obesity ◽

Positive Correlations

Background. Obesity in youth is highly prevalent. Physical activity and diet are influential in obesity development. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding links between activity and diet quality and their combined influence on obesity during adolescence.Objectives. We used five years of data from 2379 adolescent girls in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study to evaluate the association between physical activity and diet quality during adolescence and to assess both as correlates of obesity.Design. Diet, activity, and body composition measures were evaluated pairwise for correlation. A canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationships within and between variable groups. All statistics were examined for trends over time.Results. We found positive correlations between physical activity and diet quality that became stronger with age. Additionally we discovered an age-related decrease in association between obesity correlates and body composition.Conclusion. These results suggest that while health behaviors, like diet and activity, become more closely linked during growth, obesity becomes less influenced by health behaviors and other factors. This should motivate focus on juvenile obesity prevention capitalizing on the pliable framework for establishing healthy diet and physical activity patterns while impact on body composition is greatest.

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The Relation of Inflammaging With Skeletal Muscle Properties in Elderly Men

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988319841934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 155798831984193 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny ◽

Wioletta Dziubek ◽

Edyta Wolny-Rokicka ◽

Grazyna Dabrowska ◽

Marek Wozniewski

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Older Men ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Muscle Properties ◽

Walking Test ◽

Age Related ◽

Igf I ◽

Age Related Changes

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of muscle mass and/or the qualitative impairment of the muscle tissue. There is growing evidence of the prominent role of low-grade chronic inflammation in age-related changes in the neuromuscular system. The purpose of the study was to identify the inflammatory mediators responsible for deficit in functional fitness and to explain whether inflammation is related to changes in body composition and the decline of muscle strength in older men. Thirty-three old-aged males (73.5 ± 6.3 years) and twenty young-aged males (21.2 ± 1.3 years) participated in the study. The body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), functional capacity (6-min walking test) and knee extension strength (isokinetic test) were estimated. In serum, circulating inflammatory markers H2O2, IL-1β, TNFα, and hsCRP as well as growth factors IGF-I and PDGFBB concentrations were determined (immunoenzymatic methods). The concentrations of H2O2, IL-1β, TNFα, and hsCRP were significantly higher in older than young men. The growth factors IGF-I and PDGFBB were twofold lower and related to high levels of IL-1β and TNFα in the elderly. The changes in cytokines and growth factors levels were correlated with age and peak torque (TQ at 60°/s and 180°/s) in the knee extension. The result of the 6-min walking test was inversely correlated with fat mass index (FMI, r = −.983; p < .001). The generation of inflammatory mediators in older men was related to changes in body composition, maximum strength muscle, and age-related changes in skeletal muscle properties responsible for deficit in functional fitness.

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Catch-Up Growth in Children Born Small for Gestational Age Related to Body Composition and Metabolic Risk at Six Years of Age in the UK

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000508974 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 119-127

Author(s):

M. Loredana Marcovecchio ◽

Samantha Gorman ◽

Laura P.E. Watson ◽

David B. Dunger ◽

Kathryn Beardsall

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Age Related ◽

Catch Up ◽

The Uk

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Effects of Exercise Combined with a Healthy Diet or Calanus finmarchicus Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Markers—A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12072139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2139

Author(s):

Paulina Wasserfurth ◽

Josefine Nebl ◽

Jan Philipp Schuchardt ◽

Mattea Müller ◽

Tim Konstantin Boßlau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Calanus Finmarchicus ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Age Related ◽

Exercise Routine

Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, which are detrimental changes associated with the development of health conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus or chronic low-grade inflammation. Although both exercise as well as nutritional interventions are known to be beneficial in counteracting those age-related changes, data to which extent untrained elderly people may benefit is still sparse. Therefore, a randomized, controlled, 12-week interventional trial was conducted in which 134 healthy untrained participants (96 women and 38 men, age 59.4 ± 5.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2) were allocated to one of four study groups: (1) control group with no intervention (CON); (2) 2×/week aerobic and resistance training only (EX); (3) exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC); (4) exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), as well as markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids, were analyzed at the beginning and the end of the study. The highest decreases in body fat were observed within the EXCO group (−1.70 ± 2.45 kg, p < 0.001), and the EXDC (−1.41 ± 2.13 kg, p = 0.008) group. Markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids remained unchanged in all groups. Taken together results of this pilot study suggest that a combination of moderate exercise and intake of oil from Calanus finmarchicus or a healthy diet may promote fat loss in elderly untrained overweight participants.

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