Mitochondrial Plasmids in Sorghum: Presence of Linear Plasmids in Indian Male Sterile and Milo 296 Lines

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sane ◽  
P. Jalswat ◽  
P. Nathl ◽  
A. R. Dabholkar ◽  
P. V. Sane
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterile ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Indian Male

Sequence and transcription analysis of mitochondrial plasmids isolated from cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of Vicia faba

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Christine Flamand ◽  
Jean Pierre Goblet ◽  
G�rard Duc ◽  
Michel Briquet ◽  
Marc Boutry
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

scholarly journals Plasmid suppressors active in the sexual cycle of Neurospora intermedia.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1002
Author(s):  
X Yang ◽  
A J Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Interaction Type ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Neurospora Intermedia ◽  
Natural Isolates

Abstract We have discovered that, in certain crosses of natural isolates of Neurospora intermedia, linear and circular mitochondrial plasmids of the maternal parent are not transmitted to the progeny. This contrasts with the maternal transmission of organellar genetic elements generally observed in crosses between laboratory strains and between other natural isolates. Formally, failure of plasmid transmission is a type of plasmid suppression. The present cases represent the first report of plasmid suppressors in natural populations of fungi. Strains used as female parents can transmit or not transmit plasmids depending on the strain used as male parent. Males that act to suppress in one cross fail to suppress in others. Therefore, the suppression of plasmids depends on a strain-specific interaction and is not determined exclusively by the males. Since suppression is a specific interaction we inferred that it must be genetically based and tested this hypothesis by seeking segregation of suppressed and nonsuppressed phenotypes in octads. Segregation of the original full suppression of all plasmids was indeed observed in each of the three sets of testcrosses examined. The interaction type of suppression must be initiated in ascogenous tissue during the sexual cycle. It is a nonautonomous type of suppression, affecting all descendent cells. In any one case of suppression, either one, several, or all plasmids can be lost. Both linear and circular plasmids can be eliminated by the same suppressor genotype. In addition, several strains were found to contain suppressors that act after ascospore delineation. This autonomous type of suppression has been observed previously in laboratory strains, but not in natural isolates. All the cases of plasmid suppression identified in this study involved a range of apparently neutral circular and linear plasmids. Using one senescent Kalilo strain of N. intermedia, we did not detect any case of suppression of the senescence-determining linear plasmid kalDNA.

scholarly journals Male transmission of linear plasmids and mitochondrial DNA in the fungus Neurospora.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Yang ◽  
A J Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Mitochondrial Plasmids ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Paternal Transmission ◽  
Circular Plasmid ◽  
First Case ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Novel Associations

Abstract One of the general rules of heredity is that in anisogamous matings genetic elements in organelles are inherited maternally. Nevertheless, there are cases of paternal transmission, both as rare exceptions, and as regular modes of inheritance. We report two new cases of paternal transmission in crosses of the model fungus Neurospora. First, we show leakage of a linear plasmid from males, the first case in fungi and the second in eukaryotes. Transmission frequencies ranged from 1% to 15% in different crosses, but some crosses showed no detectable male transmission. Second, we show leakage of male mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the second case in fungi. Some of the resulting progeny have only the male mtDNA type, but some are heteroplasmons. Heteroplasmons show novel restriction fragments attributable to recombination or rearrangement. Heteroplasmy of mtDNA through male transmission has not been reported previously in any eukaryote. In addition we have shown paternal leakage of circular mitochondrial plasmids, supporting another reported case. In a male bearing a linear and a circular plasmid, these plasmids and the mtDNA are transmitted in different combinations. These results show a potential for mitochondrial segregation and assortment during the sexual cycle in anisogamous fungi, pointing to more potential avenues for novel associations between genomic compartments, and between genomic and extragenomic elements.

Endemic wheats of China as resources for breeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Hao Fu ◽  
N. P. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The People ◽  
Spring Variety ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Historical Heritage

Aim. To present the wheat endemics of China as source material for breeding and historical heritage. Results and Discussion. Wheat in China is the second most widely distributed cereal crop after rice. It is cultivated in China from the extreme northern border to the southern one, at altitudes from 154 m below sea level to 4450 m above sea level. The Chinian wheat is originated from South-West and West Asia and has a history of more than 2.8 thousand years. Since ancient times, the wheat species have been grown in China: bread (Triticum aestivum L.), compactum (T. compactum Host), polonicum (T. polonicum L.), turgidum (T. turgidum L.), durum (T. durum Desf.), turanian (T. turanicum Jakubz.). The Chinese ancient bread wheats are of interest for breeders because presence among them of early ripening, multi-flowering with the grain number in a spikelet up to 7-8 and in the ear up to 90-100, drought and winter hardy, resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust; forms with good crossability with rye and Aegilops species. Among the endemic Chinese wheat, an important place belongs to the Chinese Spring variety which played an outstanding role in wheat genetics; super dwarfs Tom Pouce and Tibetan Dwarf; three-grain wheat, in which 3 grains are formed in one flower; Charklyk ancient wheat – a boneless form of polonicum wheat; dwarf blue wheat turgidum – with a strong waxy coating; Taigu-Male-Sterile Wheat – with gene male sterility; a wheats having species and subspecies status: wheat of Petropavlovskyi – Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch.; Tibetan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. tibetanum (Shao) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov .; Yunnan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. yunnanse (King ex S.L. Chen) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov. The origin and genetic characteristics of China's endemic wheats are discussed. Conclusions. China's wheat endemics need careful study and conservation as a reserve of valuable genes and their complexes for breeding, and as an embodiment of the history, culture, talent and work of the people who created them, and an integral part of human cultural heritage.

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