MOST COMMON CAUSE OF URINARY ABNORMALITY WITH LITHIUM?

InPharma ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Common Cause ◽  
Urinary Abnormality

The Principle of the Common Cause

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Hofer-Szabo ◽  
Miklos Redei ◽  
Laszlo E. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Common Cause ◽  
The Common

Vergleichende Qualitätsmessungen Teil 2: Regelkarten

Pflege ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kottner ◽  
Armin Hauss
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Common Cause

Vergleichende Qualitätsmessungen und Beurteilungen spielen in der Pflege eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle. Qualitätskennzahlen sind von systematischen und zufälligen Fehlern beeinflusst. Eine Möglichkeit, mit zufälliger Variation in Kennzahlenvergleichen adäquat umzugehen, bietet die Theorie der Statistischen Prozesskontrolle (SPC). Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Regelkarten (control charts) als Werkzeuge der SPC vorgestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um grafische Darstellungen von Qualitätskennzahlen im zeitlichen Verlauf. Attributive Merkmale können mithilfe von p-, u- und c-Regelkarten dargestellt werden. Es gibt eine Reihe von Regeln, mit denen spezielle Variationen (special cause variation) innerhalb des betrachteten Prozesses identifiziert werden können. Finden sich im Diagramm keine Hinweise auf nichtzufällige Variationen, geht man davon aus, dass sich der Prozess innerhalb «statistischer Kontrolle» befindet (common cause variation). Eine Abweichung eines Datenpunktes um mehr als drei Standardabweichungen vom Mittelwert aller vorliegenden Datenpunkte gilt als stärkstes Signal nicht zufallsbedingter Variation. Im Qualitätsmanagementkontext sind Regelkarten für die dynamische Messung von Prozessen und Ergebnissen und deren Beurteilungen traditionellen Mittelwerts- und Streuungsvergleichen überlegen.

Vergleichende Qualitätsmessungen Teil 3: Funnel Plots

Pflege ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kottner ◽  
Nils Lahmann
Keyword(s):  
Common Cause ◽  
Sind Eine ◽  
Funnel Plots

Kennzahlenbasierte Qualitätsvergleiche von Einrichtungen sind verbreitet. Neben der Standardisierung und Risikoadjustierung muss die zufallsbedingte Variabilität in den Daten adäquat berücksichtigt werden. Rankings ohne Berücksichtigung der Präzision führen zu Fehlinterpretationen und fördern Datenmanipulationen. Konfidenzintervalle um die Kennzahlen der Einzeleinrichtungen sind eine Möglichkeit, die Präzision zu berücksichtigen. Funnel Plots als Spezialform von Regelkarten basieren auf der Theorie der Statistischen Prozesskontrolle (SPC). Darin werden die Kennzahlen in Beziehung zur Gruppengröße gesetzt. Warn- und Kontrollgrenzen, die sich 2 bzw. 3 Standardabweichungen vom Mittelwert aller Kennzahlen befinden, laufen mit steigender Fallzahl aufeinander zu und bilden einen Trichter. Kennzahlen innerhalb der Kontrollgrenzen weisen eine natürlicherweise zu erwartende Variabilität (common cause variation), Kennzahlen außerhalb der Kontrollgrenzen spezielle Variabilität (special cause variation) auf. Der Rankinggedanke ist aufgehoben. Funnel Plots bieten datenbasierte Kriterien, die Leistung von Einrichtungen im Qualitätsmanagement-Kontext zu bewerten.

Current perspectives in antithrombotic therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hoppensteadt ◽  
O. Iqbal ◽  
R. L. Bick ◽  
J. Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Antithrombotic Therapy ◽  
Thrombotic Event ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vascular Thrombosis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Coagulation Protein ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Platelet Defects

SummaryThrombotic disorders are the most common cause of death in the United States. About two million individuals die each year from an arterial or venous thrombosis or related disorders. About 80% to 90% of all cases of thrombosis can now be defined with respect to cause. Of these, over 50% occur in patients who harbor a congenital or acquired blood coagulation protein or platelet defect which caused the thrombotic event. It is obviously of major importance to define those individuals harboring such a defect as this allows: 1) appropriate antithrombotic therapy to decrease risks of recurrence; 2) determination of the length of time the patient must remain on therapy for secondary prevention; and 3) allow for testing of family members of those harboring a blood coagulation protein or platelet defect which is hereditary (about 50% of all coagulation and platelet defects mentioned above). Aside from mortality, significant additional morbidity occurs from both arterial or venous thrombotic events, including, but not limited to paralysis (non-fatal thrombotic stroke), cardiac disability (repeated coronary events), loss of vision (retinal vascular thrombosis), fetal waste syndrome (placental vascular thrombosis), stasis ulcers and other manifestations of post-phlebitic syndrome, etc.

Male Osteoporosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tuck ◽  
R. M. Francis ◽  
B. C. Hanusch
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Male Osteoporosis ◽  
Fracture Rate ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Osteoporosis In Men ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Secondary Causes

SummaryMale osteoporosis is common and results in considerable morbidity and mortality. There are distinct differences in the normal aging of bone between the genders, which result in a lower fracture rate in men. Men who suffer from osteoporosis are much more likely than women to have secondary causes. The identification and treatment of these secondary causes, wherever possible, will result in substantial improvements in BMD. There is now evidence for use of many of the existing agents to treat osteoporosis in men. In younger hypogonadal men testosterone replacement is worth considering, but in older men especially the over sixties this is less effective and there is an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular and prostatic outcomes. Prostate cancer is an increasingly common cause, which is partially the result of the success of ADT. There is now good evidence for the use of bisphosphonates and denosumab in this group of patients. HIV, whilst not being specific to men, is an increasingly recognised cause of male osteoporosis. The reasons for this are multifactorial and some may well be attributable to the anti-retroviral therapy itself. There is emerging evidence of an increased fracture risk in HIV infected individuals. The bone loss can be prevented by the use of bisphosphonates.

Welsh Politics after the EU Referendum

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Osmond
Keyword(s):  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Eu Referendum ◽  
Welsh Politics ◽  
Plaid Cymru ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the electoral and ideological contest that has taken place between Welsh Labour and Plaid Cymru in the five National Assembly elections that have been held between 1999 and 2016. Both parties have found success when they have managed to combine effective leadership with a coherent programme and a strong sense of Welsh identity. However, the Welsh vote to leave the EU in the June 2016 referendum has dealt both parties a poor hand in speaking up for Welsh interests. Can they find a common cause in working together and also with Scotland to take Wales forward in a progressive constitutional direction?

PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGIS URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION PADA ANAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Yarmaniani Miliati Muchtar ◽  
Bambang Soeprijanto ◽  
Indrastuti Normahayu ◽  
Lenny Violetta
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
Ureteropelvic Junction ◽  
Common Cause

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( UPJO ) is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in children. Hydronephrosis caused by prolongedUPJO will damaged the kidneys. Early detection needed to avoid the complication. In fact, there are cases which is discovered in older child.Therefore it is necessary to carry out appropriate diagnostic steps and support the management of patients. Radiological examination usingvarious modalities can help diagnose UPJO.

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