SMOKING INTERFERES WITH DRUG METABOLISM AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT

InPharma ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Keyword(s):  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Effect

Food and drugs

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelija Djakovic-Svajcer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Drug Bioavailability

Food can exert a significant influence on the effects of certain drugs. The interactions between food and drugs can be pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetic interactions most often take place on absorption and drug metabolism levels. Absorption can be either accelerated or delayed, increased or decreased, while drug metabolism can be either stimulated or inhibited. The factors which influence food-drug interactions are as follows: composition and physic-chemical properties of drugs, the interval between a meal and drug intake and food composition. Food consistency is of lesser influence on drug bioavailability than food composition (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cereals). Important interactions can occur during application of drugs with low therapeutic index, whereby the plasma level significantly varies due to changes in resorption or metabolism (e.g. digoxin, theophyllin, cyclosporin) and drugs such as antibiotics, whose proper therapeutic effect requires precise plasma concentrations.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide in Pharmacotherapy, Beyond the Hydrogen Sulfide-Donors

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Zaorska ◽  
Lenka Tomasova ◽  
Dominik Koszelewski ◽  
Ryszard Ostaszewski ◽  
Marcin Ufnal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the important biological mediators involved in physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Recently developed H2S donors show promising effects against several pathological processes in preclinical and early clinical studies. For example, H2S donors have been found to be effective in the prevention of gastrointestinal ulcers during anti-inflammatory treatment. Notably, there are well-established medicines used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, whose chemical structure contains sulfur moieties and may release H2S. Hence, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be partly the result of the release of H2S occurring during drug metabolism and/or the effect of these drugs on the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. In this work, we review data regarding sulfur drugs commonly used in clinical practice that can support the hypothesis about H2S-dependent pharmacotherapeutic effects of these drugs.

scholarly journals Drug Compatibility in Treatment of Chronic Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-358
Author(s):  
E. S. Bazrova ◽  
G. D. Kaminskiy ◽  
L. Yu. Ilchenko ◽  
A. Маtin ◽  
I. G. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Drug Compatibility

The article considers the features of pharmacotherapy of patients with chronic infectious diseases and co-morbidities in conditions of polypharmacy, the principles of drug metabolism, variants of adverse effects and drug-drug interactions, the possibilities of effective drug combinations. The purpose is to substantiate the possibility and emphasize the relevance of the additional search of the creation of the most optimal combinations of drugs for long-term and massive pharmacotherapy, that could be due to a beneficial drug-drug interaction, optimization of the regimen, route of drug administration and multitarget of the therapeutic effect, reduce the pharmacological load while maintaining the effectiveness of the treatment, increase patient adherence to drug therapy.

Combination of Antibiotic Treatment with the Thrombin Inhibitor Recombinant Hirudin for the Therapy of Experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae Sepsis

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 768-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Dickneite ◽  
Jörg Czech
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin

SummaryRats which were infected with the gramnegative pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae develop disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multi-organ failure (MOF) and finally die in a septic shock. We investigated the therapeutic effect of antibiotic (tobramycin) treatment combined with the infusion of the highly specific thrombin inhibitor rec. hirudin. Although administration of 2 mg/kg tobramycin alone leads to a decrease of the bacterial burden, DIC could not be prevented. Infusion of rec. hirudin (0.25 mg/kg x h) for 4 h (start of treatment 1 h post infection), in addition to a bolus administration of tobramycin, led to an amelioration of DIC parameters as fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and platelets. Serum transaminase levels (GOT, GPT) as a marker of MOF were significantly improved by rec. hirudin, the T50 value increased from 17 h in the tobramycin group to 42 h in the tobramycin + rec. hirudin giuup, muilality rates were 90% or 60%, respectively. Combination of heparin (10011/kg x h) and tobramycin was not effective on survival.

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