German pharma industry to lose out with substitution law

2002 ◽  
Vol 374 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Law

On the substitution law in quantum field theory

1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Judge ◽  
H. Shimodaira ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Substitution Law

The Sheffer functions of 3-valued logic

1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Present Author ◽  
Binary Function ◽  
Truth Values ◽  
Co Substitution ◽  
Substitution Property ◽  
Class A ◽  
Substitution Law ◽  
Sheffer Function

In previous papers, Post, Webb, Götlind and the present author have described some Sheffer functions (in Swift's terminology, “independent binary generators”) in m-valued logic. Professor J. Dean Swift has recently isolated the symmetric Sheffer functions of 3-valued logic. In the present paper, we will prove some properties of Sheffer functions in m-valued logic and isolate all of the Sheffer functions of 3-valued logic.Before we proceed we will define some terms which we will find convenient. A set of functions in m-valued logic is functionally complete, if the set of the functions which can be defined explicitly from the functions of the set is exactly the set of all functions of m-valued logic. A function is functionally complete, if its unit set is functionally complete. A Sheffer function is a two-place functionally complete function. If i and j are truth values (1 i, j ≤ m), we will say i ~ j (D), if D is a decomposition of the truth values 1, …, m into 2 or more disjoint non-empty classes and i and j are elements of the same class. A binary function f(p, q) satisfies the substitution law for a decomposition D, if for any truth values h, i, j, k, whenever h ~ j (D) and i~k(D), then f(h, i) ~ f(j, k) (D). The function f(p,q) satisfies the co-substitution law for D, if for any truth values h, i, j, k, whenever f(h, i) ~ f(j, k) (D), then h ~ j (D) or i ~ k (D). We will say f(p, q) has the proper substitution property, if there is a decomposition of the truth values into less than m classes for which it satisfies the substitution law.

Substitution Law and Identity for Long-Range Potentials

1971 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1885-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hiida ◽  
H. Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Substitution Law

Ramification des séries formelles

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
François Laubie
Keyword(s):  
Finite Field ◽  
Prime Number ◽  
Characteristic P ◽  
Substitution Law

AbstractLet p be a prime number. Let k be a finite field of characteristic p. The subset X + X2k[[X]] of the ring k[[X]] is a group under the substitution law ○ sometimes called the Nottingham group of k, it is denoted by Rk. The ramification of one series γ ∈ Rk is caracterized by its lower ramification numbers: , as well as its upper ramification numbers:By Sen's theorem, the um(γ) are integers. In this paper, we determine the sequences of integers (um) for which there exists γ ∈ Rk such that um(γ) = um for all integer m & 0.

Tilde substitution law in thermo field dynamics: Thermal state conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Matsumoto ◽  
Y. Nakano ◽  
H. Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
Thermo Field Dynamics ◽  
Substitution Law
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