Case definition, Aetiology and Risk assessment of Early Childhood Caries (ECC): A revisited review

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vadiakas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Childhood Caries

A protocol for early childhood caries diagnosis and risk assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wendell Evans ◽  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
Prathip Phantunvanit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Diagnosis ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Tinanoff ◽  
Ramon J. Baez ◽  
Carolina Diaz Guillory ◽  
Kevin J. Donly ◽  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Societal Burden ◽  
Caries Epidemiology ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Metabolomics Insights in Early Childhood Caries

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452098296
Author(s):  
L.H. Heimisdottir ◽  
B.M. Lin ◽  
H. Cho ◽  
A. Orlenko ◽  
A.A. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is characterized by a dysbiotic shift at the biofilm–tooth surface interface, yet comprehensive biochemical characterizations of the biofilm are scant. We used metabolomics to identify biochemical features of the supragingival biofilm associated with early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence and severity. The study’s analytical sample comprised 289 children ages 3 to 5 (51% with ECC) who attended public preschools in North Carolina and were enrolled in a community-based cross-sectional study of early childhood oral health. Clinical examinations were conducted by calibrated examiners in community locations using International Caries Detection and Classification System (ICDAS) criteria. Supragingival plaque collected from the facial/buccal surfaces of all primary teeth in the upper-left quadrant was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between individual metabolites and 18 clinical traits (based on different ECC definitions and sets of tooth surfaces) were quantified using Brownian distance correlations (dCor) and linear regression modeling of log2-transformed values, applying a false discovery rate multiple testing correction. A tree-based pipeline optimization tool (TPOT)–machine learning process was used to identify the best-fitting ECC classification metabolite model. There were 503 named metabolites identified, including microbial, host, and exogenous biochemicals. Most significant ECC-metabolite associations were positive (i.e., upregulations/enrichments). The localized ECC case definition (ICDAS ≥1 caries experience within the surfaces from which plaque was collected) had the strongest correlation with the metabolome (dCor P = 8 × 10−3). Sixteen metabolites were significantly associated with ECC after multiple testing correction, including fucose ( P = 3.0 × 10−6) and N-acetylneuraminate (p = 6.8 × 10−6) with higher ECC prevalence, as well as catechin ( P = 4.7 × 10−6) and epicatechin ( P = 2.9 × 10−6) with lower. Catechin, epicatechin, imidazole propionate, fucose, 9,10-DiHOME, and N-acetylneuraminate were among the top 15 metabolites in terms of ECC classification importance in the automated TPOT model. These supragingival biofilm metabolite findings provide novel insights in ECC biology and can serve as the basis for the development of measures of disease activity or risk assessment.

Oral Microbiota Composition Predicts Early Childhood Caries Onset

2020 ◽  
pp. 002203452097992
Author(s):  
A. Grier ◽  
J.A. Myers ◽  
T.G. O’Connor ◽  
R.G. Quivey ◽  
S.R. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Childhood Caries

As the most common chronic disease in preschool children in the United States, early childhood caries (ECC) has a profound impact on a child’s quality of life, represents a tremendous human and economic burden to society, and disproportionately affects those living in poverty. Caries risk assessment (CRA) is a critical component of ECC management, yet the accuracy, consistency, reproducibility, and longitudinal validation of the available risk assessment techniques are lacking. Molecular and microbial biomarkers represent a potential source for accurate and reliable dental caries risk and onset. Next-generation nucleotide-sequencing technology has made it feasible to profile the composition of the oral microbiota. In the present study, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was applied to saliva samples that were collected at 6-mo intervals for 24 mo from a subset of 56 initially caries-free children from an ongoing cohort of 189 children, aged 1 to 3 y, over the 2-y study period; 36 children developed ECC and 20 remained caries free. Analyses from machine learning models of microbiota composition, across the study period, distinguished between affected and nonaffected groups at the time of their initial study visits with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 and discriminated ECC-converted from healthy controls at the visit immediately preceding ECC diagnosis with an AUC of 0.89, as assessed by nested cross-validation. Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus sp., and Veillonella parvula were selected as important discriminatory features in all models and represent biomarkers of risk for ECC onset. These findings indicate that oral microbiota as profiled by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing is predictive of ECC onset.

scholarly journals Validation of an early childhood caries risk assessment tool in a low-income Hispanic population

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Custodio-Lumsden ◽  
Randi L. Wolf ◽  
Isobel R. Contento ◽  
Charles E. Basch ◽  
Patricia A. Zybert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Caries Risk Assessment ◽  
Childhood Caries
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