Pathogen inactivation of blood components: Current status and introduction of an approach using riboflavin as a photosensitizer

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (S2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation

scholarly journals Risk of AIDS for recipients of blood components from donors who subsequently developed AIDS

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA Perkins ◽  
S Samson ◽  
J Garner ◽  
D Echenberg ◽  
JR Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
First Contact

Abstract Reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in San Francisco as of March 31, 1986, include 92 individuals who had donated blood subsequent to 1978. Their donated blood components had been transfused into 406 different recipients. The current status of 336 of these recipients was ascertained as of April 1, 1986. Of these, 223 had died at the time of our first contact, almost all as a result of the condition for which they were transfused. Seven had developed AIDS; five of these died, two before entry into the study and three subsequently. Forty-six additional living recipients were interviewed and evaluated. Seven had the AIDS-related complex, 18 had antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but were otherwise healthy, and 19 had no detectable anti-HIV. Two had risk factors other than transfusion. The frequency of infection of the recipient decreased as the time interval between transfusion and the diagnosis of AIDS in the donor increased. This information should be useful when counseling patients who have been transfused with blood components from donors later found to be infected with HIV.

scholarly journals Processing and storage of blood components during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Ana Antić ◽  
Sanja Živković-Đorđević ◽  
Marija Jelić ◽  
Miodrag Vučić ◽  
Nebojša Vacić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Blood Processing ◽  
Number Of Patients

The spread of the COVID-19 virus has a strong influence on blood collection, maintaining a stable supply of all blood components and the safety of the transfusion itself. SARS-CoV-2 has a long incubation period (1-14 days, on average 5-6 days, longest reported 24 days) and causes asymptomatic infection in a large number of patients, which is a great challenge in a recruitment of blood donors and achieving a safe transfusion. Precise recommendations and precautions have been adopted regarding the criteria for temporary refusal of blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic, organization of mobile teams and collection sites, disposal of medical waste, examination of potential donors and mandatory body temperature measurement. Although transmission of COVID-19 via blood and blood components has not been demonstrated, some countries have also introduced mandatory NAT testing for SARS-CoV-2 as a part of blood screening testing. Also, proactive measures have been taken, such as temporary storage of blood in quarantine for 14 days after collection, while special attention is paid to efficient management of blood component stocks and development of a collection plan, in order to avoid shortage of certain blood components or their expiration. The first step in this regard is to revise the measures which have the aim for improving the usability of blood components, ie reducing waste of stocks, which primarily refers to the temporary extension of the shelf life of blood components. Extending the shelf life of erythrocytes (longer than 35 to 49 days, which is defined at the national level) should be considered as early as possible, because once a shortage of erythrocytes occurs, they will be issued long before the expiration date. Previous studies have not shown significant side effects of erythrocyte transfusion with extended shelf life, so it is possible to consider the flexibility of blood processing and erythrocyte storage conditions with mandatory internal process validation and component quality control. The shelf life of platelet concentrate should be extended from 5 days to 7 or even 8 days, with mandatory bacteriological testing or pathogen inactivation. Another option to increase the platelet supply for prophylactic purposes is to reduce the platelet dose by dividing the existing components. Frozen fresh plasma has the longest shelf life (up to 3 years), so maintaining stable reserves is much safer than for cellular components. Liquid plasma (never previously frozen) has a shelf life of 7-40 days, and can be used in conditions of reduced freezer capacity, shortage of staff working on blood processing or for the production of convalescent plasma. Pathogen inactivation of plasma and platelets allows 3-6 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. The decision to introduce some of the methods of pathogen inactivation should be made taking into account the costs and resources required for implementation. For countries that do not have pathogenic inactivation already in routine practice, its rapid introduction is a big task. For now, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the blood appears to be very low, although our understanding of the virus and behavior during a pandemic will improve over time. In this regard, pathogen inactivation of convalescent plasma should also be considered.

scholarly journals Blood Components as Joint Products: A Literature Review of Cost-Allocation Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia D'Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Public Regulation ◽  
Joint Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Allocation Methods

The object of this review is to present and to shed light on joint cost-allocation methods that are used in the healthcare sector for pricing purposes or cost-effectiveness purposes in different countries. The concept of jointness is illustrated through joint products and joint costs as found in the example of blood component production. The descriptive review, fundamentally concept-centric, highlights that the cost of blood products or blood price-setting is an issue in legislative proposals at the national and state levels and represents a matter of public interest and of public regulation. In applying economic models (based on economic principles and behavior axioms) rather than accounting methodology (based on physical measures or on market value of the split/final products), scholars have brought to light the problems arising from the continuous search for a neutral method for allocating joint costs in the blood production sector. Numerous studies have focused on the blood costs for the health system. Nevertheless, the cost accounting and reimbursement system effectively underlying the acquisition, screening, and transfusion of blood appears, in practice, to be largely obscure. Moreover, the literature provides little insights into the level of “relative importance” assigned to each product in the costing setting. The current status of the discussion offers opportunities for future researches, which could be directed toward investigating the relationships between national systems of healthcare services and the cost-allocation methods used to determine the cost/price of blood components, analyzing the effect of public regulation on blood costs and, lastly, developing a method based more on the benefit-value to users. 

Current status of microbial contamination of blood components: summary of a conference

Transfusion ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Klein ◽  
RY Dodd ◽  
PM Ness ◽  
JA Fratantoni ◽  
GJ Nemo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Blood Components
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