Reforming old-age pensions systems in Central and Eastern European countries in transition

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (S1) ◽  
pp. 191-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Old Age Pensions ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
Eastern European Countries

scholarly journals The impact of real exchange rates on price competitiveness in Eastern European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Nadiia Proskurnina ◽  
Jürgen Kähler ◽  
Rosario Cervantes-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Exchange ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this paper is empirical research on studies of exchange rates in Eastern European countries, such as Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Croatia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, (North) Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia, in order verify the validity of theories that explain these changes. This research aims to explain the mixed evidence of the Balassa-Samuelson effect in Ukraine, taking into account the intentions of Ukraine to become a member of the European Union. Unlike previous works, the attention is shifted to a review of empirical evidence and the identification of main factors that limit the ability to verify the theory. The main conclusion is that all the currencies studied underwent substantial real appreciations during the study period. Thus, it can be concluded that an adequate monetary policy in countries under study is very important, given that local exchange markets are not sustainable enough and the volatility of exchange operations is higher than in countries with developed economies. However, the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis (BSH) can explain the impact of the real exchange rate due to changes in productivity in countries in transition.

scholarly journals Comparison of Population Aging in Europe and Asia Using a Time-Consistent and Comparative Aging Measure

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 340-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Balachandran ◽  
Joop de Beer ◽  
K. S. James ◽  
Leo van Wissen ◽  
Fanny Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Comparative Measure

Objective: We compare population aging in Europe and Asia using a measure that is both consistent over time and appropriate for cross-country comparison. Method: Sanderson and Scherbov proposed to estimate the old-age threshold by the age at which the remaining life expectancy (RLE) equals 15 years. We propose an adjustment of this measure, taking into account cross-national differences in the exceptionality of reaching that age. Results: Our old-age threshold was lower than 65 years in 2012 in Central Asia, Southern Asia, Southeastern Asia, and many Eastern European countries. These populations also experienced a higher share of elderly compared with the RLE15 method. Our method revealed more geographical diversity in the shares of elderly. Both methods exhibited similar time trends for the old-age thresholds and the shares of elderly. Discussion: Our prospective and comparative measure reveals higher population aging estimates in most Asian and Eastern European countries and more diversity in aging.

Inadequacies of regulations on supplementary pension plans in Central and Eastern European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 138826272110389
Author(s):  
Joanna Rutecka-Góra
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Product Assessment ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Pension Benefits

The supplementary occupational and individual pension systems in Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) are poorly regulated while their architecture is very complex. Law on supplementary pensions focuses on ensuring financial security of financial institutions, their liquidity and solvency, as well as on stimulating the development of additional pension protection understood as higher coverage and assets under management. The efficiency guarantees and cost limits have not been implemented and the profitability of such products for individual savers is rarely assessed. The analyses conducted on the regulation of voluntary old-age pension systems in Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and The Czech Republic indicated the main inadequacies of the supplementary old-age provision offered. They relate to the lack of preliminary and regular product assessment, inadequacy of plan design, efficiency and costliness. The recommended changes relate to risk sharing, forms of pension benefits, limits on costs, information policy and transparency.

Knowledge about basic life support in European students

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Marton ◽  
Attila Pandúr ◽  
Emese Pék ◽  
Krisztina Deutsch ◽  
Bálint Bánfai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
European Students ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

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