On The submarine volcanic origin of rock-salt deposits

1944 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
K. P. Rode
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
Salt Deposits

VI.—The Salt Deposits of Dax and the Pyrenees

1904 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
P. W. Stuart-Menteath
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Thermal Springs ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Salt Deposits

On the rail to Biarritz the roots of the Pyrenees first appear at Dax, and are accompanied by those ophites and thermal springs which are special features of the entire chain. Vast deposits of salt, to whose first development I contributed, have added an important industry to the resources of this ancient capital of Aquœ Tarbelliœ, where the exact harness depicted on Roman medals is still characteristic of every cart. Beneath the existing ditch of the Roman fortifications rock-salt was accidentally discovered by a boring for mineral water, and the salt is now worked at three miles to the south-east, and is indicated by springs for a distance of seven miles. The deposit is known to be about 100 feet in thickness, but is of unknown depth beneath the existing borings.Along the entire outskirts of both sides of the Pyrenees similar salt deposits abound, and they are often similarly accompanied by igneous rocks.The salt formation of Dax is distinctly limited by the valley of the Adour, which here ceases to wander among the sands of the plain, and is suddenly and sharply diverted along a tectonic depression, running towards the Pyrenees in a south-west direction. Precisely parallel to this course, in the Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of the Pyrenees, there runs, at a dozen miles to the north-west, the most remarkable example known of a tectonic valley sunk beneath the ocean. The Gouf de Capbreton, sinking with steep sides to over 3,000 feet beneath the even bottom of the Atlantic skirt, and affording evidence of igneous rocks in its surroundings and in the irregularities of its floor, is a perfect analogue of the neighbouring tectonic portion of the Adour.

scholarly journals Properties of Halococcus salifodinae, an Isolate from Permian Rock Salt Deposits, Compared with Halococci from Surface Waters

Life ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Legat ◽  
Ewald Denner ◽  
Marion Dornmayr-Pfaffenhuemer ◽  
Peter Pfeiffer ◽  
Burkhard Knopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
Permian Rock

scholarly journals An Overview of Pakistan Rock Salt Resources and Their Chemical Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Syed Asim Hussain ◽  
Han Feng-Qing ◽  
Ma Yunqi ◽  
Hawas Khan ◽  
Yang Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Salt Range ◽  
Salt Deposits

Rock salt is of importance for both humans and industries. In this study, we discussed the main salt deposits in Pakistan by evaluating the total reserves as well as the rock salt annual production and by characterizing their chemical composition (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, B+, K+, Li+, Cl-, SO42-, Br- and NO3-). Our objectives were to document their impurity, water-insoluble matter and moisture contents to ultimately discuss whether the halite in Pakistan, in its natural form, is safe for human consumption. Pakistan rock salt deposits are located in two distinct regions: the Salt Range area in the Potwar sub-basin with huge Precambrian salt deposits and the Eocene Bahadurkhel/Kohat salts in the Kohat sub-basin. Total reserves are estimated over tens of billion tons with an annual production of about 3,534,075 metric tons in 2017-Results show that the halite of the salt range area is purer than the Bahadurkhel/Kohat salts with purity levels (expressed as NaCl) of 99 and 95 wt. %, respectively. Gypsum represents one of the main impurities in halite for both regions, while potash salts (>9 wt. %) are observed in the Salt Range area, K contents are very low in the Kohat salts. Although the halite moisture content is similar for both regions, impurities contents are higher (>5%) for the Kohat salts, arising the need for their purification prior to eventual human consumption.    

USING A GEORADAR TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SOURCES OF GAS RISKS AND TO RECOGNIZE THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ZECHSTEIN OLDEST HALITE ROCK SALT DEPOSIT (NA1) AT THE POLKOWICE-SIEROSZOWICE MINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Tomasz Chrul ◽  
Waldemar Pawlik ◽  
Joanna Wrzosek
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Salt Deposits

The Polkowice-Sieroszowice Mine the KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. uses the georadar method to recognize the geological structure of the Zechstein (Upper Permian) Oldest Halite rock salt deposits (Na1). The incentive to use the georadar was the occurrence of a gas risk in mining excavations. This method is ideal for locating anhydrite blocks, that are potential sites of hydrogen sulphide accumulation, and is helpful in determining the top and base of the salt deposits. In the tests, 100 MHz and 30 MHz antennas were used, which reached the ranges of 40 m and 60 m and resolutions of 0.25 m and 1.0 m, respectively. The profiling with use of a georadar was performed in research boreholes and along the floors of excavation drifts.

RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF ROCK AND POTASH SALTS IN THE FORE-SUDETIC AREA

2017 ◽  
pp. 105-0
Author(s):  
Grzegorz CZAPOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Copper Deposits ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
Final Amount

Intensive geological prospection in the Fore-Sudetic area in the second half of the 20th century enabled to recognize occurrences of late Permian (Zechstein) rock and potash salts and to contour two rock salt deposits: Sieroszowice and Bądzów (with the registered anticipated economic resources of 4.09 billion Mg and economic resources of 0.49 billion Mg), as well as to estimate the prognostic rock salt resources in six copper deposits at ca. 45.19 billion Mg. To contour the prospective areas of Zechstein rock and potash salts occurrences in the Fore-Sudetic area and to estimate their predicted (prognostic and prospective) resources, 34 map sheets at scale of 1:200,000 have been compiled. Twenty-eight map sheets have been constructed for four rock salt seams, representing the four Zechstein cyclothems (PZ1 to PZ4), and six map sheets for two potash–bearing series of the PZ2 and PZ3 cyclothems. The predicted rock salt resources, estimated for 42 prospective areas, are more than 1x1012 Mg, covering the total acrea of over 18.5 thousands km2. The final amount of these resources, reduced by the amount of resources of the above-mentioned six copper deposits, is over 995.7 billion Mg. Including the documented resources of two salt deposits, the total amount of Zechstein rock salt, in the study area down to a depth of 2 km is estimated at ca. 1000 billion Mg. The predicted resources of Zechstein potash salts in nine prospective areas were estimated at ca. 3.3 billion Mg with the total area of over 456 km2. Many prospective areas with significant thicknesses of rock salt seams could be managed both for salt production (underground and leaching mines) and as cavern storages (for hydrocarbons or hydrogen) and waste disposals. Only some of the indicated areas of potash salts could be considered for future mining, however after their detailed geological surveying and resource calculation.

Acceleration of cavity washout process in rock salt deposits for creating underground storage facilities

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
A. V. Mikhalyuk ◽  
V. V. Zakharov ◽  
P. A. Parshukov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
Storage Facilities

scholarly journals The Cutting Resistance of Rock Salt in Function of Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kotwica ◽  
Grzegorz Stopka
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Salt Sample ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Salt Deposits

AbstractCurrently over then 16 percent of the total worldwide salt production is excavated in underground mines. Salt deposits often lie at great depths up to 1000 m, where the temperature of the surrounding rocks reaches 50°C and even exceeds it. A large part of it is exploited using mechanical methods, mainly with the use of road headers and continuous miners. When excavating salt rock, the cutters of the road header mining head come into contact with the rock. This generate friction and in consequence a rise in temperature. In AGH University of Science and Technology the laboratory tests were carried out to determine the effect of temperature on cutting resistance and selected mechanical properties of rock salt. On the special laboratory test stand the rock salt sample was cutted at three different temperatures - 20, 50 and 80°C. The cuttability index and the side chipping angle were measured for each temperature. Additionally the same tests were performed in the case of salt sample after cooling to room temperature. The selected mechanical parameters of rock salt - compressive, tensile and shear strength were also measured for the same temperature values. The obtained results were compared and described in the paper.

THE DETECTION OF ROCK SALT BY THE METHODS OF ELECTRICAL SURVEYING

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
T. Alty ◽  
S. Alty
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Salt Deposits ◽  
Electrical Methods ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

Experiments on the detection of rock salt deposits by electrical methods are described. It is shown that these methods give definite indications of the depth of the deposit when the latter is as much as 600 ft. below the surface.The interpretation of results obtained by the "single electrode probe" method is discussed.

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