Striato-pallidal influence on food intake, body weight and locomotor activity

1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
S. Dua-Sharma ◽  
Edwin R. Smutz ◽  
K. N. Sharma ◽  
H. L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake

scholarly journals Development of obesity in transgenic rats with low circulating growth hormone levels: involvement of leptin resistance

2000 ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Furuhata ◽  
R Kagaya ◽  
K Hirabayashi ◽  
A Ikeda ◽  
KT Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injection ◽  
Transgenic Rats

BACKGROUND: Human growth hormone (hGH) transgenic (TG) rats have been produced in our laboratory. These TG rats are characterized by low circulating hGH levels, virtually no endogenous rGH secretion, and massive obesity. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate how energy balance and leptin sensitivity contributed to the establishment of this obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS: Food intake, locomotor activity and leptin concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were measured in TG rats and their non-transgenic littermates (control). The effect of intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injection of leptin on food intake and body weight gain was also examined. RESULTS: An increase in food intake and a decrease in locomotor activity were observed from 4 and 7 weeks of age, respectively, in the transgenic rats compared with control. Serum leptin concentrations of the transgenic rats were more than twice as high as those of control rats and were associated with an increased white adipose tissue mass and ob gene expression. Intraperitoneal injection of leptin significantly decreased food intake and body weight gain in control rats, but not in transgenic rats. Leptin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic rats was not different from that of control rats, and intracerebroventricular injection of leptin was similarly effective in reducing food intake and body weight gain as it was in control rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the transgenic rats, whose GH secretion is suppressed, develop obesity due to early onset of an increase in food intake and a decrease in locomotor activity with leptin resistance resulting from deteriorating leptin transport from peripheral blood to cerebrospinal fluid.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of continuous infusion of m CPP, Ro 60-0175 and d -fenfluramine on food intake, water intake, body weight and locomotor activity in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Vickers ◽  
K R Benwell ◽  
R H Porter ◽  
M J Bickerdike ◽  
G A Kennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Intake Water

scholarly journals SAT-603 Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Antagonists Stimulate Feeding in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Leone ◽  
Lucia Recinella, PharmD ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli, PharmD ◽  
Giustino Orlando, PharmD ◽  
Claudio Ferrante, PharmD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Fat Depots

Abstract Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide which stimulates the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH) in pituitary gland. GHRH was also found to modulate food intake in mammals. MIA-690 is a synthetic GHRH antagonist of the Miami (MIA) series with potent antitumor effects. To date, its role in hypothalamic feeding modulation has not been evaluated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic MIA-690 administration on feeding behavior, locomotor activity and hypothalamic dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT), orexigenic peptides [agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)] and anorexigenic peptides [cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)] activity. Adult C57/BL6 mice were treated daily for 4 weeks by subcutaneous administration of (5 µg) MIA-690 or vehicle solution. Food intake and body weight were recorded every 4 days throughout the study. Immediately after the last injection, locomotor activity in the home cage was recorded, and thereafter animals were sacrificed. Visceral, subcutaneous and brown fat depots were quickly excised and weighed. Hypothalamus was also dissected for evaluating gene expression of AgRP, NPY, CART and POMC by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, hypothalamic DA, NE and 5-HT levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrochemical detection. Our findings show that administration of MIA-690 increased food intake and body weight, without affecting locomotor activity. No difference was observed in visceral, subcutaneous and brown fat mass in animals treated with MIA-690 or vehicle. As for neuromodulatory effects, a significant increase of AgRP gene expression and NE levels, along with a reduction of 5-HT levels were found after MIA-690 treatment. On the other hand, we did not observe any alteration in NPY, POMC and CART gene expression, as well as DA levels, following MIA-690 administration. In conclusion, chronic peripheral administration of MIA-690 could play an orexigenic role paralleled by increased body weight. The stimulation of feeding could be mediated, at least in part, by increased AgRP gene expression and NE levels and decreased 5-HT levels, in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Deficiency of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. E350-E355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Isken ◽  
Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer ◽  
Rubén Nogueiras ◽  
Martin A. Osterhoff ◽  
Michael Ristow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Wild Type

Menopause and premature gonadal steroid deficiency are associated with increases in fat mass and body weight. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice also show reduced locomotor activity. Glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) is known to play an important role both in fat metabolism and locomotor activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the effects of estrogen on the regulation of body weight, fat mass, and spontaneous physical activity could be mediated in part by GIP signaling. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice and GIP-receptor knockout mice (Gipr−/−) were exposed to OVX or sham operation ( n = 10 per group). The effects on body composition, markers of insulin resistance, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, and expression of hypothalamic anorexigenic and orexigenic factors were investigated over 26 wk in all four groups of mice. OVX wild-type mice developed obesity, increased fat mass, and elevated markers of insulin resistance as expected. This was completely prevented in OVX Gipr−/− animals, even though their energy expenditure and spontaneous locomotor activity levels did not significantly differ from those of OVX wild-type mice. Cumulative food intake in OVX Gipr−/− animals was significantly reduced and associated with significantly lower hypothalamic mRNA expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) but not of cocaine-amphetamine-related transcript (CART), melanocortin receptors (MCR-3 and MCR-4), or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). GIP receptors thus interact with estrogens in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in mice, and their blockade may carry promising potential for the prevention of obesity in gonadal steroid deficiency.

Effects of carbamates on bobwhite food intake, body weight, and locomotor activity

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Robel ◽  
Richard W. Felthousen ◽  
Arthur D. Dayton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake

scholarly journals Sex and Genotype Dependent Effects of a Restricted Access Diet in Ghrelin-Deficient Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A56-A56
Author(s):  
Karina Prins ◽  
Patric J Delhanty ◽  
Martin Huisman ◽  
Rosinda Mies ◽  
Anke McLuskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Restricted Access

Abstract Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted by the stomach, stimulates both appetite and reward signalling. Its deletion in mice results in poor recovery from metabolic challenges, like starvation, but does not affect food intake or body weight. While sex differences in appetite and feeding behavior have been reported, little is known about the role of ghrelin herein. To investigate this, we used a metabolic cage system to continuously monitor responses of ghrelin-deficient (GKO) and wildtype (WT) mice to three different diets. Male and female mice (5 weeks old) were housed individually in a Promethion system (Sable Systems, USA) and provided one of three diets for 9 weeks: RA, continuous chow with restricted access to a Western-style diet (WD; 2h access, 3d/week) in the light phase; CA, continuous access to both diets; CC, continuous chow. Glucose tolerance was assessed at week 7 by IPGTT; food intake (kcal/g bodyweight), energy expenditure and locomotor activity at week 8; body weight and body composition (EchoMRI, USA) at week 9. On access days, RA mice ate up to 60% of their 24h intake during the WD access period. Following WD access GKO RA mice ate less chow than WT RA mice. Intriguingly, this compensatory reduction in food intake by GKO mice occurred at different times for males and females. GKO RA males ate 45% less chow in the dark phase immediately after WD access (p < 0.001). In contrast, this reduction in food intake (30% less) did not occur until the following, non-access, day in GKO RA females (genotype-sex: p < 0.05). Depending on diet, GKO mice showed differential regulation of energy expenditure in the light phase. Energy expenditure was 6–17% higher in GKO than WT mice in the RA group on access days and in the CA group. On non-access days, however, GKO mice in the RA group expended 13% less energy than WT RA mice (p < 0.005). Regardless of diet, locomotor activity in females was greater than in males (p < 0.001). However, GKO females in the RA and CC groups showed a marked 30% reduction in locomotor activity compared to WTs (genotype-sex: p < 0.05). After nine weeks, neither sex nor genotype effects were seen in body weight gain and composition of RA animals. CA females gained 17% more body weight and had a 6.1% higher fat percentage than CA males (both p < 0.001). In the CC group body weight gain did not differ, but GKO females had 3.1% more fat than WT females (genotype-sex: p < 0.01). Glucose tolerance (AUC) was similar in all groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ghrelin deficiency changes the response to the three diets in a sex-dependent manner. Especially, restricted access to WD differentially affected food intake timing and locomotor activity of male and female GKO mice. These results add to the growing body of evidence that ghrelin signalling is sexually dimorphic.

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