Nonselective harvesting of a prey-predator community with infected prey

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chattopadhyay ◽  
G. Ghosal ◽  
K. S. Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Infected Prey ◽  
Nonselective Harvesting ◽  
Predator Community

scholarly journals Dynamics of an Eco-Epidemic Predator–Prey Model Involving Fractional Derivatives with Power-Law and Mittag–Leffler Kernel

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Hasan S. Panigoro ◽  
Agus Suryanto ◽  
Wuryansari Muharini Kusumawinahyu ◽  
Isnani Darti
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Infected Prey

In this paper, we consider a fractional-order eco-epidemic model based on the Rosenzweig–MacArthur predator–prey model. The model is derived by assuming that the prey may be infected by a disease. In order to take the memory effect into account, we apply two fractional differential operators, namely the Caputo fractional derivative (operator with power-law kernel) and the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative in the Caputo (ABC) sense (operator with Mittag–Leffler kernel). We take the same order of the fractional derivative in all equations for both senses to maintain the symmetry aspect. The existence and uniqueness of solutions of both eco-epidemic models (i.e., in the Caputo sense and in ABC sense) are established. Both models have the same equilibrium points, namely the trivial (origin) equilibrium point, the extinction of infected prey and predator point, the infected prey free point, the predator-free point and the co-existence point. For a model in the Caputo sense, we also show the non-negativity and boundedness of solution, perform the local and global stability analysis and establish the conditions for the existence of Hopf bifurcation. It is found that the trivial equilibrium point is a saddle point while other equilibrium points are conditionally asymptotically stable. The numerical simulations show that the solutions of the model in the Caputo sense strongly agree with analytical results. Furthermore, it is indicated numerically that the model in the ABC sense has quite similar dynamics as the model in the Caputo sense. The essential difference between the two models is the convergence rate to reach the stable equilibrium point. When a Hopf bifurcation occurs, the bifurcation points and the diameter of the limit cycles of both models are different. Moreover, we also observe a bistability phenomenon which disappears via Hopf bifurcation.

Predator-dependent transmissible disease spreading in prey under Holling type-II functional response

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Ghosh ◽  
Prasun K. Santra ◽  
Abdelalim A. Elsadany ◽  
Ghanshaym S. Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Predator Interactions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Infected Prey ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract This paper focusses on developing two species, where only prey species suffers by a contagious disease. We consider the logistic growth rate of the prey population. The interaction between susceptible prey and infected prey with predator is presumed to be ruled by Holling type II and I functional response, respectively. A healthy prey is infected when it comes in direct contact with infected prey, and we also assume that predator-dependent disease spreads within the system. This research reveals that the transmission of this predator-dependent disease can have critical repercussions for the shaping of prey–predator interactions. The solution of the model is examined in relation to survival, uniqueness and boundedness. The positivity, feasibility and the stability conditions of the fixed points of the system are analysed by applying the linearization method and the Jacobian matrix method.

scholarly journals Pygidial Glands in Carabidae, an Overview of Morphology and Chemical Secretion

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Anita Giglio ◽  
Maria Luigia Vommaro ◽  
Pietro Brandmayr ◽  
Federica Talarico
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
Pygidial Glands ◽  
Predator Community ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations ◽  
Chemical Secretion

Predator community structure is an important selective element shaping the evolution of prey defence traits and strategies. Carabid beetles are one of the most diverse families of Coleoptera, and their success in terrestrial ecosystems is related to considerable morphological, physiological, and behavioural adaptations that provide protection against predators. Their most common form of defence is the chemical secretion from paired abdominal pygidial glands that produce a heterogeneous set of carboxylic acids, quinones, hydrocarbons, phenols, aldehydes, and esters. This review attempts to update and summarise what is known about the pygidial glands, with particular reference to the morphology of the glands and the biological function of the secretions.

Dynamics of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community during a cyanobacterial bloom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Qian ◽  
Kunihiro Okano ◽  
Miwa Kodato ◽  
Michiko Arai ◽  
Takeru Yanagiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Predator Community

Abstract Toxic cyanobacterial blooms frequently develop in eutrophic freshwater bodies worldwide. Microcystis species produce microcystins (MCs) as a cyanotoxin. Certain bacteria that harbor the mlr gene cluster, especially mlrA, are capable of degrading MCs. However, MCs-degrading bacteria may possess or lack mlr genes (mlr+ and mlr− genotypes, respectively). In this study we investigated the genotype that predominantly contributes to biodegradation and cyanobacterial predator community structure with change in total MCs concentration in an aquatic environment. The two genotypes co-existed but mlr+ predominated, as indicated by the negative correlation between mlrA gene copy abundance and total MCs concentration. At the highest MCs concentrations, predation pressure by Phyllopoda, Copepoda, and Monogononta (rotifers) was reduced; thus, MCs may be toxic to cyanobacterial predators. The results suggest cooperation between MCs-degrading bacteria and predators may reduce Microcystis abundance and MCs concentration.

scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis of an Epidemic-Species Hybrid Dynamical System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hui ◽  
Jian-Hua Pang ◽  
Dong-Rong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Local Stability ◽  
Orbital Stability ◽  
Species Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Dynamical System ◽  
Mathematical Analyses ◽  
Existence Of Equilibria ◽  
Impulsive Releasing ◽  
Infected Prey

We consider an epidemic-species hybrid dynamical system. The disease is spread among the prey only and the infected prey can reproduce virus. The predator only eats the infected prey. Mathematical analyses are given for the system with regard to the existence of equilibria, local stability, Hopf bifurcation, and the orbital stability of the Hopf bifurcating limit cycle. We further analyse the system under impulsive releasing of virus and predator.

Global stability of a fractional order eco-epidemiological system with infected prey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Moustafa ◽  
Hafiz Mohd ◽  
Ahmad Izani Ismail ◽  
Farah Aini Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Global Stability ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Infected Prey

scholarly journals Predators of monarch butterfly eggs and neonate larvae are more diverse than previously recognised

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Hermann ◽  
Carissa Blackledge ◽  
Nathan L. Haan ◽  
Andrew T. Myers ◽  
Douglas A. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Predator Community

Abstract Conserving threatened organisms requires knowledge of the factors impacting their populations. The Eastern monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) has declined by as much as 80% in the past two decades and conservation biologists are actively seeking to understand and reverse this decline. While it is well known that most monarchs die as eggs and young larvae, few studies have focused on identifying what arthropod taxa contribute to these losses. The aim of our study was to identify previously undocumented predators of immature monarchs in their summer breeding range in the United States. Using no-choice feeding assays augmented with field observations, we evaluated 75 arthropod taxa commonly found on the primary host plant for their propensity to consume immature monarchs. Here we report 36 previously unreported monarch predators, including representatives from 4 new orders (Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Lepidoptera and Opiliones) and 11 taxa (Acrididae, Gryllidae, Tettigoniidae, Forficulidae, Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Lygaeidae, Miridae, Nabidae, Erebidae and Opilliones). Surprisingly, several putative herbivores were found to readily consume immature monarchs, both in a targeted fashion or incidentally as a result of herbivory. This work expands our understanding of the monarch predator community and highlights the importance of unrecognized predation on insects of conservation concern.

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