Monochromatic image analysis of elastohydrodynamic lubrication film thickness by fringe intensity computation

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1704-1713
Author(s):  
Siyoul Jang
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Monochromatic Image

A New Postulation of Viscosity and Its Application in Computation of Film Thickness in TFL1

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohui Zhang ◽  
Jianbin Luo ◽  
Shizhu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Thin Film Lubrication ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Viscosity Modification ◽  
Film Lubrication

In this paper, a viscosity modification model is developed which can be applied to describe the thin film lubrication problems. The viscosity distribution along the direction normal to solid surface is approached by a function proposed in this paper. Based on the formula, lubricating problem of thin film lubrication (TFL) in isothermal and incompressible condition is solved and the outcome is compared to the experimental data. In thin film lubrication, according to the computation outcomes, the lubrication film thickness is much greater than that in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). When the velocity is adequately low (i.e., film thickness is thin enough), the pressure distribution in the contact area is close to Hertzian distribution in which the second ridge of pressure is not obvious enough. The film shape demonstrates the earlobe-like form in thin film lubrication, which is similar to EHL while the film is comparatively thicker. The transformation relationships between film thickness and loads, velocities or atmosphere viscosity in thin film lubrication differ from those in EHL so that the transition from thin film lubrication to EHL can be clearly seen.

Calculation of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Film Thickness for Hip Prostheses During Normal Walking

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Tao Wang ◽  
Yi-Ling Wang ◽  
Qing-Li Chen ◽  
Min-Run Yang
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Lubrication Film

Effect of Roughness Orientation on the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Film Thickness

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhu ◽  
Q. Jane Wang
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Orientation Effect ◽  
Line Contact ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Dry Contact

Effect of roughness orientation on lubricant film thickness has been an important issue of surface design, attracting much attention since the 1970 s. A systematical study, however, is still needed for various contact types in an extended range of operating conditions, especially in mixed lubrication cases with film thickness to roughness ratio (λ ratio) smaller than 0.5. The present study employs a deterministic mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model to investigate the performance of lubricating films in different types of contact geometry, including the line contact, circular contact, and elliptical contacts of various ellipticity ratios. The speed range for analyzed cases covers 11 orders of magnitude so that the entire transition from full-film and mixed EHL down to dry contact (corresponding λ ratio from about 3.5 down to 0.001 or so) is simulated. Three types of machined surfaces are used, representing transverse, longitudinal, and isotropic roughness, respectively. The line contact results are compared with those from the stochastic models by Patir and Cheng (“Effect of Surface Roughness Orientation on the Central Film Thickness in EHD Contacts,” Proc. 5th Leeds-Lyon Symp. on Tribol., 1978, pp. 15–21) and the influence of roughness orientation predicted by the deterministic model is found to be less significant than that by the stochastic models, although the basic trends are about the same when λ > 0.5. The orientation effect for circular or elliptical contact problems appears to be more complicated than that for line contacts due to the existence of significant lateral flows. In circular contacts, or elliptical contacts with the ellipticity ratio smaller than one, the longitudinal roughness may become more favorable than the isotropic and transverse. Overall, the orientation effect is significant in the mixed EHL regime where theλratio is roughly in the range from 0.05 to 1.0. It is relatively insignificant for both the full-film EHL (λ > 1.2 or so) and the boundary lubrication/dry contact (λ < 0.025 ∼ 0.05).

Uniform Equations in the Inlet and Exit Zones of Heavily Loaded Point and Line Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Contacts Involved in Various Steady Motions

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya I. Kudish
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Lubricated Contacts ◽  
Asymptotic Equations ◽  
Line Contacts ◽  
Steady Motions ◽  
Numerical Approaches

Heavily loaded point elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) contacts involved in steady purely transitional, skewed transitional, and transitional with spinning motions are considered. It is shown that in the central parts of the inlet and exit zones of such heavily loaded point EHL contacts the asymptotic equations governing the EHL problem along the lubricant flow streamlines for the above types of contact motions can be reduced to two sets of asymptotic equations: one in the inlet and one in the exit zones. The latter sets of equations are identical to the asymptotic equations describing lubrication process in the inlet and exit zones of the corresponding heavily loaded line EHL contact (Kudish, I. I., 2013, Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication for Line and Point Contacts: Asymptotic and Numerical Approaches, Chapman and Hall/CRC). For each specific motion of a point contact, a separate set of formulas for the lubrication film thickness is obtained. For different types of contact motions, these film thickness formulas differ significantly (Kudish, I. I., 2013, Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication for Line and Point Contacts: Asymptotic and Numerical Approaches, Chapman and Hall/CRC). For heavily loaded contacts, the discovered relationship between point and line EHL problems allows to apply to point contacts most of the results obtained for line contacts (Kudish, I. I., 2013, Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication for Line and Point Contacts: Asymptotic and Numerical Approaches, Chapman and Hall/CRC; Kudish, I. I., and Covitch, M. J., 2010, Modeling and Analytical Methods in Tribology, Chapman and Hall/CRC).

Effect of Load Variation on Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Film Collapse

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1366-1370
Author(s):  
Tapash Jyoti Kalita ◽  
Punit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Reynolds Equation ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Practical Situation ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Newton Raphson ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Film Collapse

Elastohydrodynamic line contact simulations have been carried out in the present study. A practical situation of transient EHL film collapse has been analyzed. The aim is to observe the effect of variation of maximum Hertzian pressure (PH) on transient behavior of EHL film thickness (H).The analysis is based upon classical Reynolds equation considering time variation. The simulation results pertaining to EHL film thickness calculated using linear pressure-viscosity relationship have been compared for different values of load. It has been observed that film thickness reduces with increase in load. Similar results are obtained using exponential pressure-viscosity relationship and compared with those for linear pressure-viscosity. The EHL equations are solved by discretizing Reynolds equation and load equilibrium equation along with other equations using Newton-Raphson technique with the help of a computer code.

An Anomalous Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Film: Inlet Dimple

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Guo ◽  
P. L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Entrainment Velocity ◽  
Limiting Shear Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Wall Slippage

This paper presents a deliberately designed elastohydrodynamical lubrication (EHL) experiment for the study of the individual effect of the limiting shear stress and wall slippage. Very slow entrainment speeds were employed to avoid influential shear heating and oils of high viscosities were chosen to ensure that the conjunction was under typical EHL. An anomalous EHL film, characterized by a dimple at the inlet region, was obtained. Literature revealed that this inlet dimple was reported in some numerical studies taking into consideration the limiting-shear-stress characteristics of the lubricant and wall slippage. It was found that even under the same kinematic conditions, different types of film shape would be generated by simple disc sliding and simple ball sliding. Simple disc sliding produces an inlet dimple with a comparatively thick inlet film thickness, which droops rapidly toward the outlet region. For simple ball sliding, there is also an inlet dimple but the central film thickness is rather uniform. However, by prerunning the conjunction at a zero entrainment velocity (at the same linear speeds but in opposite directions) before the sliding experiment, the slope of the central film of simple disc sliding becomes smaller. It is probably due to the modification of solid-liquid interface, i.e., the slippage level, by the highly pressurized and stressed prerunning conditions. With a prescribed prerunning, which can produce very similar films at simple disc sliding and simple ball sliding, variation of film thickness was studied and it was found that the inlet dimple film has obvious dependence on entrainment speeds, but was not sensitive to loads. The present experimental results can be considered as direct evidence for those numerical findings of the inlet dimple. Tentatively, an effective viscosity wedge is proposed to account for the formation of the inlet dimple.

Study of Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Spur Gears under Impact Load

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3506-3509
Author(s):  
You Qiang Wang ◽  
Zhi Cheng He ◽  
Wei Su
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contact Parameters

Spur gear contacts experience a number of time-varying contact parameters including the load, surface velocities, radii of curvature, and slide-to-roll ratio. It is very hard to obtain transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) solution of spur gears. In this study, a transient EHL model of involute spur gear tooth contacts is proposed. A full transient EHL solution of involute spur gear under impact load is obtained by utilizing the multigrid technique. The influences of impact load on the EHL of spur gear are analyzed in the paper. The numerical results show that the approach impact load has strong transient influence on the oil film thickness and pressure distribution between contact zones. The impact load may lead to instantaneous lubrication film deterioration between contact teeth of involute spur gears.

Computation of Fluid Film Pressures by Measuring the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Film Thickness with Nano-Scale Resolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Si Youl Jang
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Thickness Variations

Many EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) experiments have been performed with the regard to measuring the film thickness variations according to contact conditions, such as contact load, sliding-rolling ratio, contact accelerations for the verification purpose of lubricant characteristics. The measured images of film thickness by the interferometry system are easily converted into film thickness values even both in nanometer scale and resolution with the help of image processing technology. However, only the measurement of the EHL film thickness is not enough to verify the lubricant characteristics under the various contact conditions, because the lubricant is under very high contact pressures above 500MPa, where the lubricant is suddenly solidified and is no longer considered as a fluid itself. In this work, the EHL fluid film pressures are computed from the measured interferometric image of contact film thickness ranging from 10nm to several hundred nano meter, which should be taken with nano-scale resolution. The image processing technique makes it possible to convert the measured film thickness into contact fluid film pressures if the contact geometry and material properties are known. Without the nano-scale resolution for the measured film thickness, the converting computation from the measured film thickness to fluid film pressure is not possible due to the severe noises of interferometric image over the contact area. Measuring technology of the EHL film thickness with nano-scale is also explained with regards to nano scale resolution.

Numerical Analysis of Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication During Startup and Shutdown Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiqun Lu ◽  
Qingbing Dong ◽  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Bo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Steady State Solution ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Mechanical Elements

In this study, a numerical model is developed for the analysis of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) at transient conditions during startup and shutdown processes. The time-dependent solutions are derived from an iterative algorithm with surface roughness involved, and the initial value is specified as the solution of the dry contact for the startup or steady-state solution of the lubrication contact at the starting velocity for the shutdown. The technique of discrete convolution and fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT) is employed to improve the computational efficiency. Solutions for smooth surfaces are compared with those obtained numerically and experimentally, and good consistency can be found. Profiles of pressure and film thickness and contours of subsurface stresses are analyzed to reveal the effects of acceleration/deceleration on the lubrication evolution. An isotropic roughness is then taken into account for the analysis. It is concluded that the coupling effects of the lubricant cavitation and oriented roughness would result in complex profiles of pressure and film thickness due to their disturbances to the lubrication film. A machined rough surface is presented to demonstrate the generality of the model. The analysis may potentially provide guidance to estimate the behavior of mechanical elements.

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