Factors affecting killer activity of some yeast species occurring in rokpol cheese

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Żarowska ◽  
M. Wojtatowicz ◽  
X. Polomska ◽  
P. Juszczyk ◽  
J. Chrzanowska
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals A model of actin-driven endocytosis explains differences of endocytic motility in budding and fission yeast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud M. Nickaeen ◽  
Julien Berro ◽  
Thomas D. Pollard ◽  
Boris M. Slepchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Factors Affecting

A comparative study (Sun et al., eLife, 2019) showed that the abundance of proteins at sites of endocytosis in fission and budding yeast is more similar in the two species than previously thought, yet membrane invaginations in fission yeast elongate two-fold faster and are nearly twice as long as in budding yeast. Here we use a three-dimensional model of a motile endocytic invagination (Nickaeen et al., MBoC, 2019) to investigate factors affecting elongation of the invaginations. We found that differences in turgor pressure in the two yeast species can largely explain the paradoxical differences observed experimentally in endocytic motility.

The ecological role of killer yeasts in natural communities of yeasts

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Starmer ◽  
Philip F. Ganter ◽  
Virginia Aberdeen ◽  
Marc-Andre Lachance ◽  
Herman J. Phaff
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Killer Yeast ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

The killer phenomenon of yeasts was investigated in naturally occurring yeast communities. Yeast species from communities associated with the decaying stems and fruits of cactus and the slime fluxes of trees were studied for production of killer toxins and sensitivity to killer toxins produced by other yeasts. Yeasts found in decaying fruits showed the highest incidence of killing activity (30/112), while yeasts isolated from cactus necroses and tree fluxes showed lower activity (70/699 and 11/140, respectively). Cross-reaction studies indicated that few killer-sensitive interactions occur within the same habitat at a particular time and locality, but that killer-sensitive reactions occur more frequently among yeasts from different localities and habitats. The conditions that should be optimal for killer activity were found in fruits and young rots of Opuntia cladodes where the pH is low. The fruit habitat appears to favor the establishment of killer species. Killer toxin may affect the natural distribution of the killer yeast Pichia kluyveri and the sensitive yeast Cryptococcus cereanus. Their distributions indicate that the toxin produced by P. kluyveri limits the occurrence of Cr. cereanus in fruit and Opuntia pads. In general most communities have only one killer species. Sensitive strains are more widespread than killer strains and few species appear to be immune to all toxins. Genetic study of the killer yeast P. kluyveri indicates that the mode of inheritance of killer toxin production is nuclear and not cytoplasmic as is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis.

scholarly journals New Cytoplasmic Virus-Like Elements (VLEs) in the Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Xymena Połomska ◽  
Cécile Neuvéglise ◽  
Joanna Zyzak ◽  
Barbara Żarowska ◽  
Serge Casaregola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Penicillium Roqueforti ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Linear Dsdna

Yeasts can have additional genetic information in the form of cytoplasmic linear dsDNA molecules called virus-like elements (VLEs). Some of them encode killer toxins. The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of such elements in D. hansenii killer yeast deposited in culture collections as well as in strains freshly isolated from blue cheeses. Possible benefits to the host from harboring such VLEs were analyzed. VLEs occurred frequently among fresh D. hansenii isolates (15/60 strains), as opposed to strains obtained from culture collections (0/75 strains). Eight new different systems were identified: four composed of two elements and four of three elements. Full sequences of three new VLE systems obtained by NGS revealed extremely high conservation among the largest molecules in these systems except for one ORF, probably encoding a protein resembling immunity determinant to killer toxins of VLE origin in other yeast species. ORFs that could be potentially involved in killer activity due to similarity to genes encoding proteins with domains of chitin-binding/digesting and deoxyribonuclease NucA/NucB activity, could be distinguished in smaller molecules. However, the discovered VLEs were not involved in the biocontrol of Yarrowia lipolytica and Penicillium roqueforti present in blue cheeses.

scholarly journals A model of actin-driven endocytosis explains differences of endocytic motility in budding and fission yeast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nickaeen ◽  
Julien Berro ◽  
Thomas D. Pollard ◽  
Boris M. Slepchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Factors Affecting

A comparative study (Sun et al., eLife, 2019) showed that the abundance of proteins at sites of endocytosis in fission and budding yeast is more similar in the two species than previously thought, yet membrane invaginations in fission yeast elongate two-fold faster and are nearly twice as long as in budding yeast. Here we use a three-dimensional model of a motile endocytic invagination (Nickaeen et al., MBoC, 2019) to investigate factors affecting elongation of the invaginations. We found that differences in turgor pressure in the two yeast species can largely explain the paradoxical differences observed experimentally in endocytic motility.

Killer activity of yeasts isolated from the water environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Vadkertiová ◽  
Elena Sláviková
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Hansenula Anomala ◽  
Rhodotorula Species ◽  
Candida Lambica

The killer activity of 46 strains belonging to 12 yeast and yeast-like species isolated from water or sediment samples was studied. Only two strains of the genus Cryptococcus did not show killer activity. Killer activity of yeast-like species Aureobasidium pullulans, Hyphopichia burtonii and Geotrichum candidum, and yeast species Candida krusei and Candida lambica was low. Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus had better activity against basidiomycetous than ascomycetous species. Hansenula anomala strains showed good activity against Geotrichum candidum strains, Cryptococcus albidus, and Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. Rhodotorula species showed activity against the majority of both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous species.Key words: yeasts, killer activity, sediment and water samples.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

Factors affecting dentist participation in a state Medicaid program

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Damiano ◽  
ER Brown ◽  
JD Johnson ◽  
JP Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Factors Affecting
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