Galanin-like immunoreactivity in extrinsic and intrinsic nerves to the gut of the Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua, and the effect of galanin on the smooth muscle of the gut

1993 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Karila ◽  
Ann-Cathrine Jönsson ◽  
Jörgen Jesen ◽  
Susanne Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Intrinsic Nerves

PACAP and nitric oxide inhibit contractions in the proximal intestine of the atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Olsson ◽  
S. Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Proximal Intestine ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

The possible inhibitory roles of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide in the control of intestinal motility were investigated in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Circular and longitudinal smooth muscle preparations developed spontaneous contractions that were inhibited by atropine (10(−)(5)mol l(−)(1)). PACAP 27 and PACAP 38 (10(−)(7)mol l(−)(1)) reduced the amplitude of the contractions but did not usually affect the resting tension. In the circular preparations, the mean active force developed (above resting level; +/− s.e.m.) was reduced from 0. 62+/−0.18 mN to 0.03+/−0.03 mN (N=10) by PACAP 27 and from 0.53+/−0. 20 mN to 0.31+/−0.13 mN (N=7) by PACAP 38, while neither cod nor mammalian VIP (10(−)(10)-10(−)(6)mol l(−)(1)) had any effect. In the longitudinal preparations, PACAP 27 reduced the force developed from 1.58+/−0.22 mN to 0.44+/−0.25 mN (N=8) and PACAP 38 reduced it from 1.61+/−0.47 mN to 0.75+/−0.28 mN (N=5). The nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) almost abolished the contractions in the circular preparations, reducing the mean force developed from 0. 47+/−0.05 mN to 0.02+/−0.06 mN (10(−)(6)mol l(−)(1); N=9) and 0+/−0. 07 mN (10(−)(5)mol l(−)(1); N=8). In the longitudinal preparations, NaNP reduced the force developed from 2.03+/−0.36 mN to 0.33+/−0.22 mN (10(−)(6)mol l(−)(1); N=8) and 0.19+/−0.30 mN (10(−)(5)mol l(−)(1); N=8). The L-arginine analogue N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 3×10(−)(4)mol l(−)(1)) enhanced the contractions in both circular and longitudinal preparations, increasing the mean force developed from 0.51+/−0.12 mN to 0.94+/−0.21 mN (N=8) and from 1.49+/−0.36 mN to 3.34+/−0.67 mN (N=7), respectively. However, preincubation with L-NAME before a second addition of PACAP 27 (10(−)(7)mol l(−)(1)) did not affect the response to PACAP, neither did preincubation with the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 6-anilinoquinoline-5,8-quinone (LY83583; 10(−)(5)mol l(−)(1)), while the inhibitory response to NaNP (3×10(−)(7)mol l(−)(1)) was abolished by LY83583. The PACAP analogue PACAP 6–27 (3×10(−)(7)mol l(−)(1)) had no effect on the response to either NaNP (3×10(−)(7)mol l(−)(1)) or PACAP 27 (10(−)(8)mol l(−)(1)) in the circular preparations. These findings indicate the presence of both a cholinergic and a nitrergic tonus in the smooth muscle preparations of the cod. Although PACAP and NaNP both inhibit contractions, there is no evidence of any interactions between the two substances. In addition, NaNP, but not PACAP, probably acts via stimulating the production of cyclic GMP. In conclusion, both PACAP and nitric oxide may act as inhibitory transmitters, using distinct signalling pathways, in the control of intestinal motility in the Atlantic cod.

Effects of cod bradykinin and its analogs on vascular and intestinal smooth muscle of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Peptides ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shahbazi ◽  
J. Michael Conlon ◽  
Susanne Holmgren ◽  
Jörgen Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Intestinal Smooth Muscle

Neuropeptide Y effects on vasorelaxation and intestinal contraction in the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. R1414-R1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shahbazi ◽  
Susanne Holmgren ◽  
Dan Larhammar ◽  
Jörgen Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Nerve Fibers

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has prominent cardiovascular effects in mammals and sharks, but no such effect has previously been demonstrated in any teleost fish. In the Atlantic cod, we found that cod NPY (10−10–10−6 M) relaxed celiac arteries precontracted with epinephrine, and weak contractions were elicited in intestinal ring preparations. A few NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers were present along small gut arteries. The results suggest that cod NPY produces vasorelaxation both by a direct action on smooth muscle and by release of prostaglandins, but with no involvement of nitric oxide, leukotrienes, or endothelium-derived relaxing factors. An additional indirect effect involving another neurotransmitter may occur. Cod NPY (10−7 M) and human NPY (10−7 M) had identical effects on the vessels. Small differences only in the effects of porcine [Leu31,Pro34]NPY, NPY-(13–36), and cod NPY suggest the presence of a Y1 subfamily receptor, similar to the zebrafish Ya receptor. A physiological role for NPY in teleost vasculature is concluded, but surprisingly the effect, a vasodilation, is opposite to that in mammals and is mediated by prostaglandins.

Effects of temperature on life history set the sensitivity to fishing in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

2014 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
HY Wang ◽  
LW Botsford ◽  
JW White ◽  
MJ Fogarty ◽  
F Juanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Responses of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua head kidney leukocytes to phytase produced by gastrointestinal-derived bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo C. Lazado ◽  
Christopher Marlowe A. Caipang ◽  
Sanchala Gallage ◽  
Monica F. Brinchmann ◽  
Viswanath Kiron
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Head Kidney

Some recent data on sperm morphology and motility kinetics in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi ◽  
Azadeh Hatef ◽  
Ian A.E. Butts ◽  
Olga Bondarenko ◽  
Jacky Cosson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Atlantic Cod

Natural mortality from poor condition in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Denis Dutil ◽  
Yvan Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Poor Condition

The extent of energy depletion was assessed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in spring and early summer (1993-1995) to assess relationships between poor condition and natural mortality. Several indices of condition were compared in wild fish in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and in fish exposed to a prolonged period of starvation in laboratory experiments. Discriminant analyses classified only a small fraction of the wild fish as similar to cod that did not survive and a much larger fraction as similar to cod that survived starvation. This percentage increased from April to May and peaked in June 1993 and 1994. Condition factor and muscle somatic index allowed a clear distinction between live and dead fish. Muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity suggested that cod had experienced a period of negative growth early in 1993, 1994, and 1995. Fish classified as similar to starved individuals were characterized by a higher gonad to liver mass ratio than others. Reproduction may have a negative impact on survival not only in spring but also later into summer, as some individuals were found not to have recovered by late summer. This study shows that natural mortality from poor condition contributed to lower production in the early 1990s.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal microbial community changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to crude oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bagi ◽  
Even Sannes Riiser ◽  
Hilde Steine Molland ◽  
Bastiaan Star ◽  
Thomas H. A. Haverkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Community Changes

scholarly journals Development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water during early life stages: Effects on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonnich Meier ◽  
H. Craig Morton ◽  
Gunnar Nyhammer ◽  
Bjørn Einar Grøsvik ◽  
Valeri Makhotin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document