The spectacled salamanders,Salamandrina terdigitata (Lacépède, 1788) andS. perspicillata (Savi, 1821):1) genetic differentiation and evolutionary history

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nascetti ◽  
Francesca Zangari ◽  
Daniele Canestrelli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History

scholarly journals Evolutionary history and genetic connectivity across highly fragmented populations of an endangered daisy

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael S. Rodger ◽  
Alexandra Pavlova ◽  
Steve Sinclair ◽  
Melinda Pickup ◽  
Paul Sunnucks
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Common Component ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Eastern Australia

AbstractConservation management can be aided by knowledge of genetic diversity and evolutionary history, so that ecological and evolutionary processes can be preserved. The Button Wrinklewort daisy (Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides) was a common component of grassy ecosystems in south-eastern Australia. It is now endangered due to extensive habitat loss and the impacts of livestock grazing, and is currently restricted to a few small populations in two regions >500 km apart, one in Victoria, the other in the Australian Capital Territory and nearby New South Wales (ACT/NSW). Using a genome-wide SNP dataset, we assessed patterns of genetic structure and genetic differentiation of 12 natural diploid populations. We estimated intrapopulation genetic diversity to scope sources for genetic management. Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analyses showed strong population genetic differentiation between the two regions, and substantial substructure within ACT/NSW. A coalescent tree-building approach implemented in SNAPP indicated evolutionary divergence between the two distant regions. Among the populations screened, the last two known remaining Victorian populations had the highest genetic diversity, despite having among the lowest recent census sizes. A maximum likelihood population tree method implemented in TreeMix suggested little or no recent gene flow except potentially between very close neighbours. Populations that were more genetically distinctive had lower genetic diversity, suggesting that drift in isolation is likely driving population differentiation though loss of diversity, hence re-establishing gene flow among them is desirable. These results provide background knowledge for evidence-based conservation and support genetic rescue within and between regions to elevate genetic diversity and alleviate inbreeding.

scholarly journals Demographical history and genetic differentiation of an endemic and endangered Ulmus lamellosa (Ulmus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Hou ◽  
Hang Ye ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Jiahui Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
North China ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Climatic Oscillations

Abstract Background: Ulmus lamellosa, an endemic and endangered species and one ancient species of Ulmus, has undergone the climate oscillations and geographical changes. Elucidating its demographical and genetic differentiation is very important for understanding the evolutionary history and ecological adaption of forests in Northern China. Results: According to ITS and Aat sequences, eighteen and twenty-three haplotypes were detected respectively. The haplotype distribution was polymorphic in most populations. All levels-phylogeographic clades were geographically structured, namely THM, YM and YSM groups. Within U. lamellose, higher genetic diversity and significant genetic variation were present, YSM and THM had a relatively higher diversity than that of YM. The divergence of U. lamellosa intraspecies haplotypes occurred during Miocene-Pliocene that associated with Tertiary major geological and/or climatic events, which was supported by the gene exchanges among three groups. During the glaciation, YSM and THM regions might be regarded as refugia for U. lamellose. A range expansion was not expected at the evolutionary process, except the THM group based on ITS data. The series Mountains uplift (such as Yanshan Mountains and Taihang Mountains) in North China after Miocene-Pliocene and subsequently Quaternary climatic oscillations further promoted the divergence among populations. Conclusions: Geographical topology and climate change played a critical role on the phylogeographic structure of U. lamellosa, leaded to the current pattern of U. lamellosa. These results would provide important information and clues for the demographical study of the trees in Northern China.

scholarly journals Interspecific gene flow and vicariance in Northern African rear-edge white oak populations revealed by joint analysis of microsatellites and flanking sequences.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lepais Olivier ◽  
Abdeldjalil Aissi ◽  
Errol Véla ◽  
Yassine Beghami
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Interspecific Gene Flow ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Edge Populations

Rear-edge populations represent reservoirs of potentially unique genetic diversity but are particularly vulnerable to global changes. While continental-scale phylogeographic studies usually do not cover these populations, more focused local scale study of rear-edge populations should help better understand both past evolutionary history and its consequences for the persistence and conservation of these potentially unique populations. We studied molecular variation at 36 sequenced nuclear microsatellites in 11 rear-edge Quercus faginea and Q. canariensis populations across Algeria to shed light on taxonomic relationship, population past evolutionary history and recent demographic trajectory. We used descriptive approach and simulation-based inference to assess the information content and complementarity of linked microsatellite and flanking sequence variations. Genetic differentiation among populations classified into eight well-defined genetic clusters do not allow to unambiguously delineate two species. Instead, continuous level of genetic differentiation indicates interspecific gene flow or drift in isolation. Whereas the analysis of microsatellite variation allowed inferring recent interspecific gene flow, additional nucleotide variation in flanking sequences, by reducing homoplasy, pointed towards ancient interspecific gene flow followed by drift in isolation. The assessment of the weight of each polymorphism in the inference demonstrates the value of linked variation with contrasted mutational mechanisms and rates to refine historical demographic inference. Past population size decline inferred in some of these oak populations as well as low contemporary effective population size for most populations is a concern for the persistence of these populations of high evolutionary significance and conservation value.

scholarly journals Drivers of genetic differentiation and recent evolutionary history of an Eurasian wild pea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Hellwig ◽  
Shahal Abbo ◽  
Ron Ophir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Environmental Predictors

Genetic diversity a major determinant for the capacity of species to persist and adapt to their environments. Unraveling the factors affecting genetic differentiation is crucial to understand how genetic diversity is shaped and species may react to changing environments. We employed genotyping by sequencing to test the influence of climate, space, latitude, altitude and land cover on genetic differentiation in a collection of 81 wild pea samples (Pisum sativum ssp. elatius) from across its distribution range from western Europe to central Asia. We also attempted to elucidate the species recent evolutionary history and its effect on the current distribution of genetic diversity. Association of single SNPs with climate variables were analyses to test for signatures of local adaptation. Genetic variation was geographically structured into six distinct genetic cluster. Two of which were associated with a taxonomic group (Pisum sativum ssp. humile) that according to some researchers does not qualify for a sub-species rank due to its alleged lack of genetic distinctness from other conspecific groups. The effect of the tested factors influencing genetic differentiation were rather variable among genetic clusters. The climate predictors were most important in all clusters. Land use was more important in clusters from areas strongly influenced by human land use, especially by agriculture. We found a statistically significant association of 3,623 SNPs (2.4 % of all SNPs) with one of the environmental predictors. Most of them were correlated with latitude followed by temperature, precipitation and altitude. Estimation of SNP effects of the candidates resulted in a missense to silent ratio of 0.45, suggesting many of the observed candidates SNPs may alter the encoded amino acid sequence. Wild peas went through a genetic bottleneck during the last glacial period followed by population recovery. Probably associated with this population recovery, we detected a range expansion, which may have led to an eastward range expansion of the European cluster to Turkey and thereof southwards and eastwards. Overall, the interplay of several environmental factors and the recent evolutionary history affected the distribution of genetic diversity in wild peas where each subpopulations were differently affected by those factors and processes.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation in the genus Characodon: implications for conservation and taxonomy

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11492
Author(s):  
Rosa G. Beltrán-López ◽  
Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Ofelia C. Montañez-García ◽  
Juan M. Artigas-Azas ◽  
Michael Köck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Evolutionary Significant Units ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
D Loop ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Phylogeographic Study

The subfamily Goodeinae is a group of fishes endemic to the Mexican highlands. Most of the species are restricted to small and isolated streams or springs. Within this subfamily, the genus Characodon is the earliest diverging lineage of which three species have been described: C. lateralis, C. audax, and C. garmani, with the latter, considered extinct. Characodon lateralis and C. audax are classed as endangered, and have been the subject of taxonomic controversy since their description: previous studies have recognized a genetic differentiation in two groups separated by the El Salto waterfall, but morphological analyses contradict these genetic results. We perform a phylogeographic study using the mitochondrial cytb gene and d-loop region to elucidate the evolutionary history of C. lateralis and C. audax. The results with both markers show the presence of two highly differentiated haplogroups; one distributed north and the other distributed south of the waterfall, with genetic distances of 1.7 and 13.1% with cytb and d-loop respectively, and divergence calculated to have occurred 1.41 Mya. Significant genetic structure was found within each haplogroup and suggests the existence of at least four Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) within the examined populations. The possible processes identified as contributing to the formation of differentiated genetic groups are isolation, low population size, recurrent bottlenecks, and the strong sexual selection exhibited by the genus.

scholarly journals Systematics and evolution of the African butterfly genus Mylothris (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydon Warren-Gash ◽  
Kwaku Aduse-Poku ◽  
Leidys Murillo-Ramos ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups

We study the systematics and evolutionary history of the Afrotropical butterfly genus Mylothris (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on six gene regions (COI, EF1a, GAPDH, MDH, RpS5 and wingless). We find that the genus can be placed into five species groups, termed the jacksoni, elodina, rhodope, agathina and hilara groups. Within these species groups, we find that many species show very little genetic differentiation based on the markers we sequenced, suggesting they have undergone rapid and recent speciation. Based on secondary calibrations, we estimate the age of the crown group of Mylothris to be about 16 million years old, but that many of the species level divergences have happened in the Pleistocene. We infer that the clade has its origin in the forests of the Eastern part of Central Africa, and has spread out from there to other regions of Africa.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation among populations of the blackfin goodea Goodea atripinnis (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae): Implications for its evolutionary history

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Gabriela Beltrán‐López ◽  
Omar Domínguez‐Domínguez ◽  
Kyle R. Piller ◽  
H. Mejía‐Mojica ◽  
Adán Fernando Mar‐Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Goodea Atripinnis

scholarly journals Phylogeographic Investigations of the Widespread, Arid-Adapted AntlionBrachynemurus sackeniHagen (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Wilson ◽  
Kevin A. Williams ◽  
Clayton F. Gunnell ◽  
James P. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Mountain Building ◽  
Phylogeographic Pattern ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Divergence Dates

Several recent studies investigating patterns of diversification in widespread desert-adapted vertebrates have associated major periods of genetic differentiation to late Neogene mountain-building events; yet few projects have addressed these patterns in widespread invertebrates. We examine phylogeographic patterns in the widespread antlion speciesBrachynemurus sackeniHagen (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) using a region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI). We then use a molecular clock to estimate divergence dates for the major lineages. Our analyses resulted in a phylogeny that shows two distinct lineages, both of which are likely distinct species. This reveals the first cryptic species-complex in Myrmeleontidae. The genetic split between lineages dates to about 3.8–4.7 million years ago and may be associated with Neogene mountain building. The phylogeographic pattern does not match patterns found in other taxa. Future analyses within this species-complex may uncover a unique evolutionary history in this group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document