Explanations for positive and negative behavior: the intergroup attribution bias in achieved groups

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tarrant ◽  
Adrian C. North
Keyword(s):  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Intergroup Attribution ◽  
Attribution Bias

Intergroup Attribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Attribution Error ◽  
Special Training ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Intergroup Attribution ◽  
Ultimate Attribution Error ◽  
Attribution Error ◽  
Attribution Bias

Intergroup attribution refers to causal attributions that people make about the behavior of out-groups and their own in-group. Attribution theory began in the late 1950s and 1960s. This initial interest was limited to how individuals causally interpreted the behavior of other individuals. But in the 1970s social psychologists began to consider causal attributions made about groups. The guiding theory for research in this area has been largely structured by the predictions of the ultimate attribution error (more accurately described as the intergroup attribution bias). Its principal contentions flow from phenomena already uncovered by attribution research on individual behavior. It holds that group attributions, especially among the highly prejudiced, will be biased for the in-group and against out-groups. Ingroup protection (explaining away negative ingroup behavior as situationally determined – “given the situation, we had to act that way”) is typically a stronger effect than ingroup enhancement (accepting positive ingroup behavior as dispositionally determined – “as a people, we are kind and compassionate toward other groups”). Many moderators and mediators of the effect have been uncovered. Asian cultures, for example, tend to be less prone to the intergroup attribution bias, while strong emotions can induce either more or less of the bias. Similarly, empathy and special training can significantly reduce the bias. Together with such closely related processes as the fundamental attribution error and actor-observer asymmetry, the intergroup attribution bias has proven highly useful in a great variety of applications. Moreover, the intergroup attribution bias serves as an integral component of the intergroup prejudice syndrome.

Intergroup attribution bias in the context of extreme intergroup conflict

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarina Ariyanto ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey ◽  
Cindy Gallois
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Intergroup Attribution ◽  
Attribution Bias

Hostile Attribution Bias in Road Rage

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Schafer ◽  
Tracy Sanders ◽  
Peter A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Hostile Attribution Bias ◽  
Road Rage ◽  
Hostile Attribution ◽  
Attribution Bias

Analyzing the Impact of Healthy Behavior on Weight Change with a Provable Mathematical Model (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Chatterjee ◽  
Ram Bajpai ◽  
Pankaj Khatiwada
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Healthy Behavior ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Lifestyle diseases are the primary cause of death worldwide. The gradual growth of negative behavior in humans due to physical inactivity, unhealthy habit, and improper nutrition expedites lifestyle diseases. In this study, we develop a mathematical model to analyze the impact of regular physical activity, healthy habits, and a proper diet on weight change, targeting obesity as a case study. Followed by, we design an algorithm for the verification of the proposed mathematical model with simulated data of artificial participants. OBJECTIVE This study intends to analyze the effect of healthy behavior (physical activity, healthy habits, and proper dietary pattern) on weight change with a proposed mathematical model and its verification with an algorithm where personalized habits are designed to change dynamically based on the rule. METHODS We developed a weight-change mathematical model as a function of activity, habit, and nutrition with the first law of thermodynamics, basal metabolic rate (BMR), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and body-mass-index (BMI) to establish a relationship between health behavior and weight change. Followed by, we verified the model with simulated data. RESULTS The proposed provable mathematical model showed a strong relationship between health behavior and weight change. We verified the mathematical model with the proposed algorithm using simulated data following the necessary constraints. The adoption of BMR and TDEE calculation following Harris-Benedict’s equation has increased the model's accuracy under defined settings. CONCLUSIONS This study helped us understand the impact of healthy behavior on obesity and overweight with numeric implications and the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle abstaining from negative behavior change.

The Link between Food Ingested and Problem Behavior: Fact or Fallacy?

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Pescara-Kovach ◽  
Kristi Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Food Dyes

One prevailing conceptualization of negative behavior is that it can be linked to allergic food reactions. Early historical examinations of food dyes and additives claimed that a link was evident. However, recent research has since shown no connection between food additives and adversive behavior. Past and current research on the effects of foods ingested on hyperactivity and other negative behaviors is examined in this article. Methods for informing the public of the findings are discussed.

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