Ecological problems of the southeastern United States coastal plain

1942 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 533-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Wells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Ecological Problems

Selective herbicides for control of hen’s eyes (Ardisia crenata) in forests and natural areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Richard Cristan ◽  
Patrick J. Minogue ◽  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Brent Sellers ◽  
Anna Osiecka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Invasive Shrub ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

AbstractHen’s eyes (Ardisia crenata Sims) is a shade-tolerant invasive shrub displacing native understory in forests of the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Few studies have explored herbicide effectiveness on A. crenata, with foliar applications of triclopyr amine or triclopyr ester typically referenced as the standard treatments. This study evaluated efficacy of eight foliar herbicide treatments and a nontreated check at three locations at 12 mo after the first treatment (12MAT1) and 12 mo after the second treatment (12MAT2) on established (greater than 8-cm high) and seedling (less than 8-cm high) A. crenata. Treatments were four triclopyr formulations: amine, ester, choline, and acid (all at 4.04 kg ae ha−1); imazamox (1.12 and 2.24 kg ae ha−1); flumioxazin (0.43 kg ai ha−1); and triclopyr amine plus flumioxazin (4.04 + 0.43 kg ae ha−1). At 12MAT1, triclopyr ester, the high rate of imazamox, and triclopyr acid resulted in greater control of established A. crenata than any other herbicide (68%, 66%, and 64%, respectively). At 12MAT2, all herbicides except flumioxazin resulted in some control of A. crenata. Triclopyr ester, triclopyr acid, and the high rate of imazamox provided 95%, 93%, and 92% control, respectively. Triclopyr choline did not perform as well as the acid or ester formulations, and the tank mix of flumioxazin and triclopyr amine did not improve control over triclopyr amine alone. This study identified triclopyr acid and imazamox (2.24 kg ae ha−1) as new options for A. crenata control and indicated variation in the performance among the four triclopyr formulations.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness and Vernal Budbreak of Rhamnus caroliniana and the Invasive Rhamnus cathartica

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Stewart ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Reid D. Landes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Managed Landscapes

Carolina buckthorn [Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. or Frangula caroliniana (Walt.) Gray] is an attractive and water-stress-resistant shrub or small tree distributed extensively in the southeastern United States that merits use in managed landscapes. Due to substantial climatic differences within its distribution (30-year normal midwinter minima range from 13 to -8 °C), selection among provenances based on differences in cold hardiness is warranted. Before selections are marketed, the potential of carolina buckthorn to be invasive also merits investigation. Ecological problems resulting from the introduction of Rhamnus L. species in the United States, most notably the dominance of R. cathartica L. (common buckthorn) over neighboring taxa, are due in part to early budbreak. Consequently, we investigated depth of cold hardiness and vernal budbreak of carolina buckthorn and common buckthorn. Stem samples of carolina buckthorn and common buckthorn collected in midwinter survived temperatures as low as -21 and -24 °C, respectively. Although the cold hardiness of carolina buckthorns from Missouri was greater than that of carolina buckthorns from Ohio and Texas on 2 Apr. 2003, there were no differences in cold hardiness of stems from Missouri and Texas on all three assessment dates in the second experiment. All plants survived at both field locations except for the carolina buckthorns from southern Texas planted in Iowa, which showed 0% and 17% survival in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Budbreak of both species with and without mulch in Ames, Iowa, was recorded from 9 Apr. to 10 May 2002. Mean budbreak of common buckthorn was 5.7 days earlier than budbreak of carolina buckthorn, and buds of mulched carolina buckthorns broke 4.2 days earlier than did buds of unmulched carolina buckthorns. We conclude that the cold hardiness of carolina buckthorn is sufficient to permit the species to be planted outside of its natural distribution. Populations of carolina buckthorn in Ohio and Missouri should be the focus of efforts to select genotypes for use in regions with harsh winters. Phenology of its budbreak suggests carolina buckthorn will not be as invasive as common buckthorn, but evaluation of additional determinants of invasiveness is warranted.

scholarly journals Storm-event flow pathways in lower coastal plain forested watersheds of the southeastern United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 8265-8280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Griffin ◽  
Timothy J. Callahan ◽  
Vijay M. Vulava ◽  
Thomas M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Event Flow ◽  
Lower Coastal Plain

scholarly journals Orange Cane Blotch of Commercial Blackberry in the Southeastern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Frances B. Browne ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen ◽  
Harald Scherm ◽  
Marin T. Brewer ◽  
Susan B. Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis

Orange cane blotch affects commercial blackberry production in the southeastern United States, mainly in the Coastal Plain region. The causal agent is a slow-growing parasitic alga, Cephaleuros virescens, which has a wide host range. Disease development is linked to the biennial growth pattern of blackberry, whereby symptoms appear in the early fall and algal lesions expand throughout the winter, spring, and early summer of the following year. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences suggests that blackberry isolates from different geographical locations cluster together and are genetically similar to each other and yet differ from isolates of C. virescens obtained from commercial blueberry.

An Analysis of Elemental Concentrations in Vegetation Bordering a Southeastern United States Coastal Plain Stream

Ecology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charels T. Garten ◽  
John B. Gentry ◽  
Rebecca R. Sharitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Elemental Concentrations
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