Involvement of gibberellins in breaking bud dormancy in euphorbia crinkle mosaic virus-infected stem cuttings ofEuphorbia pulcherrima willd.

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
S. Nath ◽  
C. L. Mandahar
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Stem Cuttings

scholarly journals Development of a triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cassava mosaic disease detection using a monoclonal antibody to Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saengsoon Charoenvilaisiri ◽  
Channarong Seepiban ◽  
Mallika Kumpoosiri ◽  
Sombat Rukpratanporn ◽  
Nuchnard Warin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Cassava Stem ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

Abstract Background Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is one of the most devastating viral diseases for cassava production in Africa and Asia. Accurate yet affordable diagnostics are one of the fundamental tools supporting successful CMD management, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to develop an antibody-based immunoassay for the detection of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), the only cassava mosaic begomovirus currently causing CMD outbreaks in Southeast Asia (SEA). Methods Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the recombinant coat protein of SLCMV were generated using hybridoma technology. MAbs were characterized and used to develop a triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) for SLCMV detection in cassava leaves and stems. Assay specificity, sensitivity and efficiency for SLCMV detection was investigated and compared to those of a commercial ELISA test kit and PCR, the gold standard. Results A TAS-ELISA for SLCMV detection was successfully developed using the newly established MAb 29B3 and an in-house polyclonal antibody (PAb) against begomoviruses, PAb PK. The assay was able to detect SLCMV in leaves, green bark from cassava stem tips, and young leaf sprouts from stem cuttings of SLCMV-infected cassava plants without cross-reactivity to those derived from healthy cassava controls. Sensitivity comparison using serial dilutions of SLCMV-infected cassava sap extracts revealed that the assay was 256-fold more sensitive than a commercial TAS-ELISA kit and 64-fold less sensitive than PCR using previously published SLCMV-specific primers. In terms of DNA content, our assay demonstrated a limit of detection of 2.21 to 4.08 × 106 virus copies as determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). When applied to field samples (n = 490), the TAS-ELISA showed high accuracy (99.6%), specificity (100%), and sensitivity (98.2%) relative to the results obtained by the reference PCR. SLCMV infecting chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) and coral plant (Jatropha multifida) was also reported for the first time in SEA. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the TAS-ELISA for SLCMV detection developed in this study can serve as an attractive tool for efficient, inexpensive and high-throughput detection of SLCMV and can be applied to CMD screening of cassava stem cuttings, large-scale surveillance, and screening for resistance.

Gibberellins and the break of bud dormancy in virus-infected stem cuttings ofEuphorbia pulcherrima

1979 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1328-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nath ◽  
C. L. Mandahar ◽  
A. Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Stem Cuttings

scholarly journals Viruses Infecting Cassava in Kenya

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Were ◽  
S. Winter ◽  
E. Maiss
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
East African ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

A survey of cassava viruses was conducted in major cassava-growing regions of Kenya. A total of 185 leaf samples and 62 stem cuttings from plants with viral disease symptoms were collected and analyzed by biological, electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and polymerase chain reaction. All samples from western Kenya had cassava begomoviruses (African cassava mosaic virus [ACMV], East African cassava mosaic virus [EACMV], and Uganda variant [EACMV-UG]) in either single or in mixed infection. However, all samples from the Coast region were infected with only EACMV, a begomovirus. In addition, 15 samples had mixed infections of EACMV and three other hitherto unidentified filamentous viruses. The viruses observed were 200, 500, 650, and 750 nm long, respectively. In addition to rod-shaped and some flexuous viruses, as seen in a crude sap preparation, pinwheels also were observed, indicating a possible association of some of the viruses with the Potyviridae family. The symptoms induced by these viruses in Nicotiana benthamiana were very severe and often caused about 50% death of the test plants. Back inoculation onto cassava resulted in 100% infections. This finding provides evidence that, other than begomoviruses that cause serious diseases of cassava in Africa, filamentous viruses also are present and, despite their limited distribution, they could reach local significance and, most probably, be as serious as begomoviruses. The implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations for future work suggested.

scholarly journals Transgenic passionfruit expressing RNA derived from Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus is resistant to passionfruit woodiness disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliane F. Alfenas ◽  
Antonio Sérgio K. Braz ◽  
Leonardo B. Torres ◽  
Enilton N. Santana ◽  
Ana Verônica S. do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Plant ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Sixteen transgenic yellow passionfruit (Passiflora spp.) plants (R0) were obtained which express a non-translatable transgenic RNA corresponding to the 3' region of the NIb gene and the 5' region of the CP gene, derived from the genome of a Brazilian isolate of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The transgenic plants were propagated by stem cuttings and challenged by sap inoculation with isolates CABMV-MG1 and CABMV-PE1. One transgenic plant (TE5-10) was resistant to the isolate CABMV-MG1, but susceptible to CABMV-PE1. The remaining transgenic plants developed systemic symptoms, equal to non-transformed plants, when inoculated with either isolate. The absence of virus in TE5-10 plants was confirmed by indirect ELISA. Transcription analysis of the transgene demonstrated that the TE5-10 plant did not accumulate transgenic mRNA, even before inoculation. After inoculation, viral RNA was only detected in plants inoculated with CABMV-PE1. These results confirm that the transgenic plant TE5-10 is resistant to isolate CABMV-MG1, and suggest that the resistance mechanism is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which is already activated in the transgenic plants before virus inoculation.

Evidence of synergism between African cassava mosaic virus and a new double-recombinant geminivirus infecting cassava in Cameroon

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Fondong ◽  
J. S. Pita ◽  
M. E. C. Rey ◽  
A. de Kochko ◽  
R. N. Beachy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Bipartite Begomoviruses ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
East African ◽  
Infectious Clones ◽  
Viral Dnas ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

Stem cuttings were collected in Cameroon from cassava plants displaying cassava mosaic disease (CMD) symptoms. The nature of the viruses present was determined by using the PCR with primers specific for the coat protein (CP) genes of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV). All samples were infected by ACMV and eight of the 50 samples were infected by both ACMV and an EACMV-like virus. The complete nucleotide sequences of DNA-A and -B of representative ACMV and EACMV-like viruses were determined. The DNA-A component of the EACMV-like virus contained evidence of recombination in the AC2–AC3 region and DNA-B also contained evidence of recombination in BC1. However, both components retained gene arrangements typical of bipartite begomoviruses. When Nicotiana benthamiana plants were doubly inoculated with these Cameroon isolates of ACMV and EACMV (ACMV/CM, EACMV/CM) by using sap from cassava plants or infectious clones, the symptoms were more severe than for plants inoculated with either virus alone. Southern blot analysis of viral DNAs from infected plants showed that there were significantly higher levels of accumulation of both ACMV/CM components and, to a lesser extent, of EACMV/CM components in mixed-infected plants than in singly infected plants. These results strongly suggest the occurrence of a synergistic interaction between the two viruses.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Arabis mosaic virus and Grapevine leaf roll associated virus-3 on Grapevines in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
A. Ahoonmanesh ◽  
Sh. Farzadfar ◽  
F. Rakhshandehro ◽  
A. R. Golnaraghi
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis

During 2001, a survey was conducted in vineyards in northwestern Iran and the eastern and western provinces of Azarbaijan, Zanjan, and Qazvin to detect the presence of Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Grapevine leaf roll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3). From December 2001 through March 2002, 5,352 dormant stem cuttings were collected. A portion of all stem cuttings was callused, rooted, potted, and grown in a greenhouse. Each sample was tested for the presence of ArMV and GLRaV-3 with specific antisera (Bioreba, Basel, Switzerland). Extracts of bark scrapings were prepared from the remaining portion of the dormant cuttings. After bud break of rooted cuttings, leaf extracts were prepared by the method used by Rowhani et al. (2). Dormant bark and leaf extracts were used with double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Among the samples tested, ArMV and GLRaV-3 were found in 4.7 and 2.3% of the collection, respectively. Leaf extracts that had tested positive for ArMV using ELISA, were mechanically inoculated on the indicator host plants of Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus, and Petunia × hybrida. All plants developed local lesions that subsequently developed systemic chlorosis that is reported for ArMV. Biological assays confirmed the results of ArMV using ELISA. To confirm testing, a number of the samples that were found positive for GLRaV-3 in ELISA tests were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique using previously described specific primers (1). The PCR reaction resulted in the specifically amplification of a 300-bp fragment of GLRaV-3 RNA. In cvs. White Keshmesh, Ghezel Ozum, Red Lal, Askari, and Red Kehsmesh, symptoms associated with GLRaV-3 were reduced growth with smaller leaves and shoots. By late summer, the leaves rolled downward and the interveinal areas of the leaves turned to red, while the principal veins remained green in cvs. Red Lal and Red Keshmesh. Symptoms associated with ArMV were reduced growth, shoots with short internodes, and leaf chlorosis and distortion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ArMV and GLRaV-3 from grapevines in Iran. References: (1) A. Nassuth et al. J. Virol. Methods 90:37, 2000. (2) A. Rowhani et al. Plant Dis. 81:799, 1997.

Quantitative Measurements on the Ion Etching of TMV

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Irwin Bendet ◽  
Nabil Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Preliminary results reported last year on the ion etching of tobacco mosaic virus indicated that the diameter of the virus decreased more rapidly at 10KV than at 5KV, perhaps reaching a constant value before disappearing completely.In order to follow the effects of ion etching on TMV more quantitatively we have designed and built a second apparatus (Fig. 1), which incorporates monitoring devices for measuring ion current and vacuum as well as accelerating voltage. In addition, the beam diameter has been increased to approximately 1 cm., so that ten electron microscope grids can be exposed to the beam simultaneously.

Identification of maize mosaic virus by immunoelectron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Maize Mosaic Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Rhabdovirus

Maize mosaic virus (MMV) causes a severe disease of Zea mays in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the southern U.S. (1-3). Fig. 1 shows internal cross striations of helical nucleoprotein and bounding membrane with surface projections typical of many plant rhabdovirus particles including MMV (3). Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) was investigated as a method for identifying MMV. Antiserum to MMV was supplied by Ramon Lastra (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela).

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