scholarly journals Efficiency rate and local deficiency of Huber’s location estimators and of the α-estimators

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
A. Rubio ◽  
J. Á. Víšek
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Rate

scholarly journals Tax Fraud Detection through Neural Networks: An Application Using a Sample of Personal Income Taxpayers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Pérez López ◽  
María Delgado Rodríguez ◽  
Sonia de Lucas Santos
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
Efficiency Rate

The goal of the present research is to contribute to the detection of tax fraud concerning personal income tax returns (IRPF, in Spanish) filed in Spain, through the use of Machine Learning advanced predictive tools, by applying Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP) models. The possibilities springing from these techniques have been applied to a broad range of personal income return data supplied by the Institute of Fiscal Studies (IEF). The use of the neural networks enabled taxpayer segmentation as well as calculation of the probability concerning an individual taxpayer’s propensity to attempt to evade taxes. The results showed that the selected model has an efficiency rate of 84.3%, implying an improvement in relation to other models utilized in tax fraud detection. The proposal can be generalized to quantify an individual’s propensity to commit fraud with regards to other kinds of taxes. These models will support tax offices to help them arrive at the best decisions regarding action plans to combat tax fraud.

scholarly journals UAVs in rail damage image diagnostics supported by deep-learning networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Piotr Bojarczak ◽  
Piotr Lesiak
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Image Brightness ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Rail Head ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
Efficiency Rate

Abstract The article uses images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for rail diagnostics. The main advantage of such a solution compared to traditional surveys performed with measuring vehicles is the elimination of decreased train traffic. The authors, in the study, limited themselves to the diagnosis of hazardous split defects in rails. An algorithm has been proposed to detect them with an efficiency rate of about 81% for defects not less than 6.9% of the rail head width. It uses the FCN-8 deep-learning network, implemented in the Tensorflow environment, to extract the rail head by image segmentation. Using this type of network for segmentation increases the resistance of the algorithm to changes in the recorded rail image brightness. This is of fundamental importance in the case of variable conditions for image recording by UAVs. The detection of these defects in the rail head is performed using an algorithm in the Python language and the OpenCV library. To locate the defect, it uses the contour of a separate rail head together with a rectangle circumscribed around it. The use of UAVs together with artificial intelligence to detect split defects is an important element of novelty presented in this work.

scholarly journals Efficient Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for AMBTC-Compressed Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6741
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Lin ◽  
Thai-Son Nguyen ◽  
Chin-Chen Chang ◽  
Wen-Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Absolute Moment ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
High Embedding Capacity ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Efficiency Rate

Reversible data hiding has attracted significant attention from researchers because it can extract an embedded secret message correctly and recover a cover image without distortion. In this paper, a novel, efficient reversible data hiding scheme is proposed for absolute moment block truncation code (AMBTC) compressed images. The proposed scheme is based on the high correlation of neighboring values in two mean tables of AMBTC-compressed images to further losslessly encode these values and create free space for containing a secret message. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme obtained a high embedding capacity and guaranteed the same PSNRs as the traditional AMBTC algorithm. In addition, the proposed scheme achieved a higher embedding capacity and higher efficiency rate than those of some previous schemes while maintaining an acceptable bit rate.

Effects of Training on CCTY Reading Rates of Visually Impaired Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Lagrow
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Systematic Instruction ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
Visually Impaired Students ◽  
College Bound Students ◽  
Efficiency Rate

This study investigated the effects of a closed circuit television (CCTV) system on the reading rates of six visually impaired, college-bound students. Two conditions were imposed: (1) the students received no training in its use but were encouraged to practice with the system and (2) they were then exposed to a systematic training procedure. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used. The students exhibited inconsistent directions of change in reading rate when they were introduced to CCTV without training. These differences appeared to be a function of an interaction between reading efficiency (rate and comprehension) and visual acuity. After systematic instruction in the use of CCTV, however, the reading rates of all the students increased, regardless of the direction of change exhibited in the preceding phase.

scholarly journals Analysis of biological parameters of Boophilus microplus Canestrini, 1887 exposed to entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae Santa Rosa and All strains (Steinernema: Rhabditida)

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Marques Freitas-Ribeiro ◽  
John Furlong ◽  
Viviane Oliveira Vasconcelos ◽  
Cláudia Dolinski ◽  
Alan Loures-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Efficiency Rate

Engorged and partially engorged females of Boophilus microplus were exposed to 600; 3,000; 6,000 and 30,000 infective juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 Santa Rosa and All strains per dish, under lab conditions. Eggs weight, pre-laying period, laying period, survival period, reproductive efficiency rate, percentage of larval eclosion and lethal concentrations of 50% and 90% (CL50 and CL90) were calculated for engorged females. In the case of partially engorged females, only egg weight, survival period and CL50 and CL90 were calculated. All biological parameters of engorged or partially engorged females were altered by exposition of S. carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs), Santa Rosa and All strains (p<0.05). The increase in the response was directly proportional to the increase of IJs concentration per Petri dish (p<0.05). Results suggested that entomopathogenic nematodes could have a positive role in the control of cattle tick.

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