Hydrolysis of the nitrile group in α-aminophenylacetonitrile by nitrilase; Development of a new biotechnology for stereospecific production ofS-α-phenylglycine

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Young Choi ◽  
Yang M. Goo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrile Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Characterization and Hydrolization of PAN by Sodium Hydroxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Min Hu ◽  
Chang Fa Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Nitrile Group ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Fiber ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Chrome Yellow ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An polyacrylonitrile fiber is one that contains at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile comonomer in the polymer chain. The nitrile group (-C≡N) in polyacrylonitrile fiber is converted to carboxyl group(–COOH) after hydrolysis in NaOH aqueous solution.This research explores the hydrolysis of copolyacrylonitrile fiber in sodium hydroxide solution and characterization by chrome yellow method. The optimum hydrolytic technology is sodium hydroxide mass fraction is 12%, the time of hydrolysis is 10min, the temperature of hydrolysis is 80°C. In addition, the surface morphology of the polyacrylonitrile fiber and the modified polyacrylonitrile fiber were observed by SEM. The strength of the hydrolysed fiber is decline and the moisture regain is increased compared with the polyacrylonitrile fiber.

Selective hydrolysis of the nitrile group of cis-dihydrodiols from aromatic nitriles

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Yildirim ◽  
Reto Ruinatscha ◽  
Rainer Gross ◽  
Roland Wohlgemuth ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrile Group ◽  
Selective Hydrolysis ◽  
Aromatic Nitriles ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Assisted hydrolysis of the nitrile group of 2-aminoadamantane-2-carbonitrile

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 2114-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martino Paventi ◽  
Francis L. Chubb ◽  
John T. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Mineral Acid ◽  
Nitrile Group ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Attempts to hydrolyse the nitrile group of 2-aminoadamantane-2-carbonitrile by mineral acid or alkali have been unsuccessful. However, treatment of the aminonitrile with benzaldehyde in alkaline solution gives the benzal derivative of the α-aminoamide, readily hydrolysed to the α-aminoamide. Alternatively, benzoylation of the amino group followed by acid hydrolysis gives successively the α-benzamido acid and the α-amino acid. Possible mechanisms for these facilitated hydrolyses are advanced.

13C NMR study of hydrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile)

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Loevy ◽  
Václav Janout ◽  
Hana Hrudková
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Nitrile Group ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile ◽  
C Nmr

A method for the determination of chain microstructure of hydrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and of copolymers of acrylonitrile with acrylamide by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy is described. Besides the overall composition of poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylamide), this method permits the population of all acrylamide-centered compositional triads to be determined; it is then possible to follow the values of the rate constants of nitrile group hydrolysis in dependence on its neighbours. Under certain circumstances the knowledge of the mentioned triads permits also the copolymerization parameters for copolymerization of acrylonitrile with acrylamide to be determined. It was confirmed that acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of PAN in concentrated nitric acid yields acrylonitrile-acrylamide block copolymers.

Fine Structural Localization of Acyltransferases Involved in Lipid Synthesis in Intestinal Mucosa.

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
R. J. Barrnett ◽  
J. A. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Sh Group ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cells

The main products of intestinal hydrolysis of dietary triglycerides are free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These form micelles from which the lipids are absorbed across the mucosal cell brush border. Biochemical studies have indicated that intestinal mucosal cells possess a triglyceride synthesising system, which uses monoglyceride directly as an acylacceptor as well as the system found in other tissues in which alphaglycerophosphate is the acylacceptor. The former pathway is used preferentially for the resynthesis of triglyceride from absorbed lipid, while the latter is used mainly for phospholipid synthesis. Both lipids are incorporated into chylomicrons. Morphological studies have shown that during fat absorption there is an initial appearance of fat droplets within the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and that these subsequently accumulate in the golgi elements from which they are released at the lateral borders of the cell as chylomicrons.We have recently developed several methods for the fine structural localization of acyltransferases dependent on the precipitation, in an electron dense form, of CoA released during the transfer of the acyl group to an acceptor, and have now applied these methods to a study of the fine structural localization of the enzymes involved in chylomicron lipid biosynthesis. These methods are based on the reduction of ferricyanide ions by the free SH group of CoA.

Lattice imaging and pore structure of β ferric oxyhydroxide

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
T. Baird ◽  
J.R. Fryer ◽  
S.T. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Ferric Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Introduction Previously we had suggested (l) that the striations observed in the pod shaped crystals of β FeOOH were an artefact of imaging in the electron microscope. Contrary to this adsorption measurements on bulk material had indicated the presence of some porosity and Gallagher (2) had proposed a model structure - based on the hollandite structure - showing the hollandite rods forming the sides of 30Å pores running the length of the crystal. Low resolution electron microscopy by Watson (3) on sectioned crystals embedded in methylmethacrylate had tended to support the existence of such pores.We have applied modern high resolution techniques to the bulk crystals and thin sections of them without confirming these earlier postulatesExperimental β FeOOH was prepared by room temperature hydrolysis of 0.01M solutions of FeCl3.6H2O, The precipitate was washed, dried in air, and embedded in Scandiplast resin. The sections were out on an LKB III Ultramicrotome to a thickness of about 500Å.

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