Herbicidal agents as possible aids for roguing diseased seed-potato plants

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Diseased Seed

scholarly journals Агробиологические аспекты производства семенного картофеля с многослойной мульчей из мискантуса

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Nikolaev ◽  
N.F. Khokhlov ◽  
A.A. Anisimov ◽  
I.G. Tarakanov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Number Of Stems

Показаны результаты сравнительного анализа эффективности выращивания семенного картофеля при размещении клубней в нижнюю часть мульчирующего слоя биомассы мискантуса гигантского (Miscanthus giganteus) культуры, площади которой начали активно увеличиваться на территории Российской Федерации. Цель исследования поиск способов получения качественного посадочного материала семенного картофеля при возделывании в Центральном регионе РФ с применением мульчирования мискантусом, поскольку один из основных факторов низкой урожайности картофеля в отечественных хозяйствах использование собственного зараженного посадочного материала. Исследования проводили методом полевого эксперимента в 20182019 годах на Полевой опытной станции РГАУ МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева. Изучали два способа посадки картофеля традиционная на гребни (контроль), и высадка в мульчу. Опыт заложен в четырехкратной повторности, учетная площадь 8 м2. Лучшее сочетание факторов для роста и развития растений при мульчировании мискантусом привело к увеличению урожайности наряду с повышением доли здоровых семенных клубней. Использование биомассы мискантуса в качестве мульчи для выращивания семенного картофеля привело к увеличению выхода здоровых кондиционных посадочных клубней. В контроле, без использования мульчи, 55 клубней оказались поражены серебристой паршой. Кроме того, мульчирование способствовало увеличению содержания влаги в верхнем слое почвы (010 см) в фазу бутонизации картофеля по сравнению с традиционным способом посадки почти в два раза. У растений картофеля, выращенных при мульчировании, число стеблей на 1 га увеличилось на 12,9 тыс. шт. по сравнению с контрольным вариантом. В среднем за два года прибавка урожайности картофеля от мульчирования составила 15,2 т/га. Кроме того, мульчирование привело к увеличению выхода семенных клубней, доля которых составила 41,6 от общей массы клубней при 30,5 в контроле. Таким образом, способ возделывания семенного картофеля с многослойной мульчей при полосном размещении мискантуса обладает высоким потенциалом к использованию в хозяйствах для получения собственного здорового посадочного материала.The results of the comparative analysis of the seed potato cultivation efficiency with the use of soil surface mulching with the above-ground biomass of giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) a rare crop for Russian agriculture, which is beginning to spread now. The aim of the research is the searching of the methods of the qualitative seed potato getting while growing it the central part of Russian Federation with the mulching by the miscanthus biomass. One of the main factors of low yields in Russia is the usage of own infested seed potato. The researches were conducted by the means of field experiment during the vegetation seasons of 2018 and 2019 years on the territory of the Field experimental station of Russian State Agrarian University Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Two ways of potato planting traditional in the ranges (the control variant), and planting in the miscanthus mulch. The experiment was planned with the 4 recurrences, the registrative area was 8 m2. The usage of miscanthus biomass as a mulch for seed potato growing lead for obtaining of the healthy conditional planting tubers. In the control variant, without mulching, 55 of all tubers were affected by Helminthosporium solani. The use of miscanthus biomass mulching contributed the increase of the soil moisture in the upper layer of the soil (010 sm) comparing with the traditional way of potato planting almost in 2 times. The potato plants grown with the miscanthus biomass mulching the number of stems on 1 ha increased by 12,9 thousand comparing with the control variant. The maximum potato yield 40,7 t/ha was marked in the variant with the miscanthus biomass mulch usage. Mulching also lead to the increase of the number of seed tubers, the part of them was 40,4 from the whole biomass. Hereby the giant miscanthus biomass can be recommended as a mulching material for the plantations of seed potato, the use of it leads to the increase of the seed potato yield and decrease the growth of the number of diseases, which can contaminate the potato plantations in the traditional way of cultivation.

scholarly journals Phomous rot is a dangerous disease of potato tubers

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
V. Polozhenets ◽  
L. Nemerytska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Microbiological Diagnosis ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
First Time

Goal. To establish the symptoms of pathogens of fomose rot on potato varieties of different resistance, to isolate pathogens from the genus Phoma, parasitizing on tubers and stems of plants. Methods. Symptoms of phomotic rot were determined visually by the determinant of diseases and the method of microbiological diagnosis was used. Pathogens were isolated from stems and tubers affected by fomose rot. Results. On the basis of psychopathological examination, it was experimentally proved for the first time in Ukraine that fomozna potato rot is widespread in commodity and seed potato plantings. The degree of harmfulness reaches 35%. Pathogens of the genus Phoma (Ph. Solanicola Prill. Et Del Ph tuberosa Malkomcon) affect potato stems and tubers. On the stems, the first symptoms appear as spots during the flowering phase of the plants, and on tubers the gangrene appears as round, depressed and hard spots, light or dark brown in color, on the top of which pycnids form. According to the harmfulness of the pathogen, the Polesye of Ukraine is divided into three zones: 1. The zone of strong development includes the Volyn and Zhytomyr regions, where the number of affected plants with phomosis exceeds 5%, affected tubers — 8—10%; 2. The zone of moderate development, it includes the Rivne and Khmelnitsky regions, where the number of plants affected by phomosis is 2—3%, and tubers during storage of the crop — 5—7%; 3. The zone of insignificant development of the disease includes Kiev and Chernihiv regions, where the number of plants affected by gangrene is up to 2%, and tubers after storage of the crop — up to 4%. Conclusions. According to the results of psychopathological surveys, three zones of development of fomose rot of potatoes (severe, moderate and minor damage to phomosis) were identified and a scheme for the development cycle of the infection of the genus Phoma (Solanicola Prill. et. Del. And Ph. Tuberosa Melh.) was established. Symptoms of fomose rot appear on the stems in the form of elongated blurry spots, on which pycnids form from light brown (Eurostar) to dark brown (Riviera) color. On potato tubers, fomosis appears in the form of round, hard, sunken spots of a dark color. It is proved that during the interaction of potato plants with pathogens of the genus Phoma complex physiological, biochemical and pathological processes occur that significantly reduce productivity, quality, taste and other economically valuable traits.

scholarly journals Seed Potato Growth and Yield as Affected by Mother Plant Exposure to Herbicides

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Daniel J. Heider ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Daughter Tuber

In a repeated multi-year study, mother potato plants were exposed to herbicides at rates that simulated off-target application, such as through tank contamination. Following exposure of mother plants to herbicides, seed from mother plants was planted in the following growing season and crop growth, yield and tuber quality were quantified. Visual injury from herbicides was observed both in the mother plant and daughter tuber growing seasons and occasional impacts on tuber yield were noted. However, an inconsistent relationship was observed for herbicide related injury and tuber yield reductions of mother potato plants with daughter tuber growth and yield. The lack of consistency in the relationship between visual potato injury in the mother plant production and adverse daughter tuber growth and yield in the following year challenges traditional crop scouting as a tool to predict off-target herbicide risk near seed potato production.

scholarly journals Performance of seed potato produced from sprout cutting, stem cutting and conventional tuber against PVY and PLRV

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
AK Akanda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Seed Tubers

The performance of seed tubers harvested from potato plants grown from sprout cutting, stem cutting and conventional seed tubers against PVY and PLRV were investigated. Sprout cutting, stem cutting and conventional seed tubers of variety Diamant were planted and second and third generation seed tubers were harvested. The least incidence of PVY and PLRV was recorded when seed tubers from sprout cutting were used. Whereas, the highest incidence of the viruses was observed where conventional seed tubers wete planted. Incidence of PVY, PLRV and their mixed infection was lower in earlier generations as compared to later generations. Performance of seed tubers produced from sprout cutting was better in respect of plant growth, tuber number and tuber yield per hill as compared to seed tubers obtained from stem cutting or conventional method. Key Words: Sprout cutting; stem cutting; PVY; PLRV; growth; yield; potato. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5837Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 609-622, December 2009

scholarly journals Tomato severe rugose virus: Another Begomovirus Causing Leaf Deformation and Mosaic Symptoms on Potato in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Souza-Dias ◽  
H. E. Sawazaki ◽  
P. C. A. Pernambuco-Fo ◽  
L. M. Elias ◽  
H. Maluf
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Test Plants

Over the past 10 years, Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV) has been a major begomovirus in the main solanaceous crop region of Campinas, São Paulo, which includes counties of Sumaré, Monte Mor, Elias Fausto, and Indaiatuba. The top leaves of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) having deforming mosaic symptoms (dms), which includes a yellow mosaic or mottling on distorted and deformed leaflets, were associated with this geminivirus (4). Recently, a table potato crop (cv. Agata) from Sumaré, with a record of a few or no white flies (Bemisia tabaci), during the winter season of June to September 2006 had 5 to 7% dms, suggestive of seed potato tuber borne virus infection. Double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA for Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus X (PVX), and Potato virus S (PVS) (SASA kits and protocols, Edinburgh, Scotland) gave negative results for four field collected potato plants showing dms. Bioassays (mechanical transmission from potato leaf extracts in phosphate buffered saline, 1:5 w/v) with test plants of Nicotiana tabaccum cvs. Turkish and TNN, Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium quinoa, Datura metel, Solanum tuberosum, and a Physalis sp. were all negative. Inoculated D. stramonium developed symptoms resembling ToYVSV infection including vein clearing and mild mottling on new leaves 2 to 3 weeks postinoculation. Using primers PAC1v1978/PAV1c715 for begomovirus detection (3), the predicted PCR amplified fragment of 1,320 bp was obtained from leaf DNA extracted from all four of the dms field potato plants, as well as the inoculated and symptomatic D. stramoniium test plants. Sequence analysis indicated 100% nt identity among the 1.3-kb PCR fragments obtained from potato and D. stramonium infected plants. Sequences of 96 cloned amplicons (pGEM-T Easy Kit; Promega, Madison, WI) from symptomatic plants in the Sumaré potato field were 98 to 99% identical to Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV). BLAST analysis of a consensus sequence (Sequencher 3.1; Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI) revealed more than 95 and 99% identity with ToSRV isolates from Uberlandia (Accession No. AY029750) and Goias (Accession No. DQ207749), respectively. The DNA-based phylogenetic dendrogram confirmed the highest similarity with ToSRV and the lowest similarity with ToYVSV (72%), which was located in another cluster. These results indicate that ToSRV was the causal agent producing dms in potato plants from Sumaré. Therefore, similarly to ToYVSV (4), potato dms can be caused by ToSRV. Preliminary tests revealed that ToSRV was transmitted via seed tubers. Thus, it is of concern for seed potato certification in Brazil, especially in the major seed-potato-producing state of Santa Catarina where an outbreak of ToSRV was recently reported in tomato crops (1). Although ToSRV has been identified in other solanaceous crops in Brazil, especially tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) (2), to our knowledge, this is the first report of ToSRV in potato in Brazil. Reference: (1) A. T. M. Lima et al. Fitopatol. Bras. 31:224, 2006. (2) D. N. Nozaki et al. Summa Phytopathol. 33:93, 2007. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) J. A. C. Souza-Dias et al. CultivarHF 5(26):22, 2004.

scholarly journals Preemergence Infection of Potato Sprouts by Phytophthora infestans in the Highland Tropics of Ecuador

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kromann ◽  
Arturo Taipe ◽  
Jorge L. Andrade-Piedra ◽  
Lisa Munk ◽  
Gregory A. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Management Approaches

Experiments were conducted to determine whether preemergence infection of potato sprouts by Phytophthora infestans occurs in the highland tropics of Ecuador. In three separate experiments in the field, P. infestans was identified on the preemerged sprouts of 49, 5, and 43% of tubers, respectively, which had been removed from soil prior to emergence. Tubers had been planted within 10 m of approximately 300-m2 plots with mature potato plants severely infected with late blight. Infection potential of potato sprouts also was evaluated in the greenhouse by applying 10-ml sporangial suspensions (50 and 250 sporangia/ml) daily for 10 days to the soil surface of pots planted with sprouted seed potato tubers. The daily inoculation rate of 50 sporangia/ml (15.9 × 103 sporangia/m2) resulted in sprout infection in 100% of inoculated pots and roughly corresponded to the sporangial deposition accumulated over 24 h in the field. Deposition had been measured at 1 m from a severely infected potato plot. Our study demonstrated the potential for preemergence infection of potato sprouts by P. infestans in the highlands of Ecuador, where year-round aerial inoculum is present. Preemergence infection is consistent with high levels of disease sometimes seen in recently emerged potato fields. These experiments indicate a need to reconsider disease management approaches.

WEEDS IN POTATO CULTURE AND THEIR OUTCOME IN SPREADING OF Alternaria spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Halina Kurzawińska ◽  
Stanisław Mazur ◽  
Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Potato Crops

The aim of this study was to determine whether the weeds accompanying potato crops can be a source of Alternaria spp. causing Alternaria leaf blight and to determine the genetic similarities of Alternaria alternata isolates infecting selected weeds: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense and tested potato cultivar. Three-year field experiment was conducted on the potato cultivar ‘Vineta N’. The isolates were classified into different species on the basis of macro- and microscopic features. In each year of the study, A. alternata dominated among the isolated fungi colonizing the leaves of potato plants and the selected weeds. The genetic similarities of A. alternata isolates was determined by the RAPD-PCR method. Tested genetic forms of A. alternata were closely related; only small differences in the pattern of the separated amplification products was evidenced. The dominance of A. alternata on the weeds accompanying potato crops suggests that if weed infestation is extensive, the pathogen is very likely to spread and its population to increase.

Positive effect of preparations with antiviral properties on potato productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Kolychikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Chitosan Lactate

In the small-plot experiment of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy against potato viruses in 2014-2019 were tested some kinds of preparations with antiviral activity: Pharmayod, GS (100 g/l of iodine); Immunocytophyte, TAB (20 g/kg arachidonic acid ethyl ester); Ecogel, WS (30 g/l of chitosan lactate); Amulet, TAB (composition of linear polyaminosaccharides (chitosan) in succinic acid solution); Zerox, WS (3000 mg /l colloidal silver); Viron, WS (biostimulant based on urea and citric acid with the addition of essential oils). According to the results of the studies, it was found that, in addition to the effect on the causative agents of viral diseases of potatoes, all tested preparations had a stable tendency to maintain or increase the yield of tubers of infected plants. The increase in the yield of tubers ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 kg/m2. In 2016 under the production conditions of Astrakhan region on the potato variety Impala infected with the PVM + PVS and PVM + PVS + PVY virus complexes a comparative assessment of the effect of Pharmayod and Immunocytophyte revealed a significant increase in the gross and marketable yield of potato plants in the areas with the use of these preparations compared to with control.

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