Elementary length in nonlinear classical fields

In this paper, first, we introduce special types of entangled quantum states named “entangled displaced even and odd squeezed states” by using displaced even and odd squeezed states which are constructed via the action of displacement operator on the even and odd squeezed states, respectively. Next, we present a theoretical scheme to generate the introduced entangled states. This scheme is based on the interaction between a [Formula: see text]-type three-level atom and a two-mode quantized field in the presence of two strong classical fields. In the continuation, we consider the entanglement feature of the introduced entangled states by evaluating concurrence. Moreover, we study the influence of the displacement parameter on the entanglement degree of the introduced entangled states and compare the results. It will be observed that the concurrence of the “entangled displaced odd squeezed states” has less decrement with respect to the “entangled displaced even squeezed states” by increasing the displacement parameter.

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Massive Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Inspirals in Quantum Gravity

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201819107003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 191 ◽

pp. 07003

Author(s):

Xavier Calmet ◽

Boris Latosh

Keyword(s):

Black Holes ◽

Black Hole ◽

Quantum Gravity ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Emission Rate ◽

New States ◽

Model Independent ◽

Classical Fields ◽

Using Data

We show that alongside the already observed gravitational waves, quantum gravity predicts the existence of two additional massive classical fields and thus two new massive waves. We set a limit on their masses using data from Eöt-Wash-like experiments. We point out that the existence of these new states is a model independent prediction of quantum gravity. We explain how these new classical fields could impact astrophysical processes and in particular the binary inspirals of black holes. We calculate the emission rate of these new states in binary inspirals astrophysical processes.

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Entanglement with classical fields

Physical Review A ◽

10.1103/physreva.69.052311 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

K. F. Lee ◽

J. E. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Classical Fields

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Representative Elementary Length to Measure Soil Mass Attenuation Coefficient

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/584871 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. A. R. Borges ◽

L. F. Pires ◽

J. C. Costa

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Physical Property ◽

Soil Mass ◽

Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Elementary Length ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Mass Attenuation

With increasing demand for better yield in agricultural areas, soil physical property representative measurements are more and more essential. Nuclear techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) and gamma-ray attenuation (GAT) have been widely employed with this purpose. The soil mass attenuation coefficient (μs) is an important parameter for CT and GAT analysis. When experimentally determined (μes), the use of suitable sized samples enable to evaluate it precisely, as well as to reduce measurement time and costs. This study investigated the representative elementary length (REL) of sandy and clayey soils forμesmeasurements. Two radioactive sources were employed (241Am and137Cs), three collimators (2–4 mm diameters), and 14 thickness (x) samples (2–15 cm). Results indicated ideal thickness intervals of 12–15 and 2–4 cm for the sources137Cs and241Am, respectively. The application of such results in representative elementary area (REA) evaluations in clayey soil clods via CT indicated thatμesaverage values obtained forx > 4 cm and source241Am might induce to the use of samples which are not large enough for soil bulk density evaluations (ρs). As a consequence,ρsmight be under- or overestimated, generating inaccurate conclusions about the physical quality of the soil under study.

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