A gauge invariant lagrangian for a non-local electrodynamics

1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-402
Author(s):  
P. Sen
Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kunimoto ◽  
T Sugimoto

Abstract We construct a complete type II superstring field theory that includes all the NS–NS, R–NS, NS–R, and R–R sectors. As in the open and heterotic superstring cases, the R–NS, NS–R, and R–R string fields are constrained by using the picture-changing operators. In particular, we use a non-local inverse picture-changing operator for the constraint on the R–R string field, which seems to be inevitable due to the compatibility of the extra constraint with the closed string constraints. The natural symplectic form in the restricted Hilbert space gives a non-local kinetic action for the R–R sector, but it correctly provides the propagator expected from the first-quantized formulation. Extending the prescription previously obtained for the heterotic string field theory, we give a construction of general type II superstring products, which realizes a cyclic $L_\infty$ structure, and thus provides a gauge-invariant action based on the homotopy algebraic formulation. Three typical four-string amplitudes derived from the constructed string field theory are demonstrated to agree with those in the first-quantized formulation. We also give the half-Wess–Zumino–Witten action defined in the medium Hilbert space whose left-moving sector is still restricted to the small Hilbert space.


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (25n26) ◽  
pp. 4303-4314
Author(s):  
S. JANECEK ◽  
E. KROTSCHECK

We describe the implementation of a manifestly gauge invariant configuration space method for ab initio electronic structure calculations in an arbitrarily strong external magnetic field. To be able to reproduce empirical data for realistic systems, we will also formulate our real-space algorithm in magnetic fields for non-local ionic pseudo-potentials. Numerical applications focus on two issues, namely a careful assessment of the convergence properties of our algorithm and in particular the implications of our gauge invariant formulation, and the calculation of NMR shifts for a number of typical molecules.


2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1560029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik F. Van der Veken

Wilson lines are key objects in many QCD calculations. They are parallel transporters of the gauge field that can be used to render non-local operator products gauge invariant, which is especially useful for calculations concerning validation of factorization schemes and in calculations for constructing or modelling parton density functions. We develop an algorithm to express Wilson lines that are defined on piecewise linear paths in function of their Wilson segments, reducing the number of diagrams needed to be calculated. We show how different linear path topologies can be related using their color structure. This framework allows one to easily switch results between different Wilson line structures, which is helpful when testing different structures against each other, e.g. when checking universality properties of non-perturbative objects.


The paper investigates the possibility of introducing ‘non-local’ interactions, i. e. interactions represented by four-dimensional integral operations, in order to eliminate divergences in the quantum theory of interacting fields. In particular, a type of equation is discussed which preserves all the required invariance properties, including gauge invariance and macroscopic causality. It turns out that equations of this type still give divergent results. The origin of these divergences is discussed, and it is shown that if there is any way of formulating a finite theory it would have to be very different from the one investigated here.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Buchbinder ◽  
P. M. Lavrov

Abstract We consider a general gauge theory with independent generators and study the problem of gauge-invariant deformation of initial gauge-invariant classical action. The problem is formulated in terms of BV-formalism and is reduced to describing the general solution to the classical master equation. We show that such general solution is determined by two arbitrary generating functions of the initial fields. As a result, we construct in explicit form the deformed action and the deformed gauge generators in terms of above functions. We argue that the deformed theory must in general be non-local. The developed deformation procedure is applied to Abelian vector field theory and we show that it allows to derive non-Abelain Yang-Mills theory. This procedure is also applied to free massless integer higher spin field theory and leads to local cubic interaction vertex for such fields.


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