Effects of ecological factors on the diurnal activity rhythm of Yakutian black-capped marmots (Marmota camtschatica bungei) in the arctic

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Semenov ◽  
R. Ramuss ◽  
M. Leberre
Keyword(s):  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Diurnal Activity

scholarly journals The Evolutionary History, Diversity, and Ecology of Willows (Salix L.) in the European Alps

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Natascha D. Wagner ◽  
Li He ◽  
Elvira Hörandl
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
The Alps

The genus Salix (willows), with 33 species, represents the most diverse genus of woody plants in the European Alps. Many species dominate subalpine and alpine types of vegetation. Despite a long history of research on willows, the evolutionary and ecological factors for this species richness are poorly known. Here we will review recent progress in research on phylogenetic relationships, evolution, ecology, and speciation in alpine willows. Phylogenomic reconstructions suggest multiple colonization of the Alps, probably from the late Miocene onward, and reject hypotheses of a single radiation. Relatives occur in the Arctic and in temperate Eurasia. Most species are widespread in the European mountain systems or in the European lowlands. Within the Alps, species differ ecologically according to different elevational zones and habitat preferences. Homoploid hybridization is a frequent process in willows and happens mostly after climatic fluctuations and secondary contact. Breakdown of the ecological crossing barriers of species is followed by introgressive hybridization. Polyploidy is an important speciation mechanism, as 40% of species are polyploid, including the four endemic species of the Alps. Phylogenomic data suggest an allopolyploid origin for all taxa analyzed so far. Further studies are needed to specifically analyze biogeographical history, character evolution, and genome evolution of polyploids.

scholarly journals Planning Sustainable Economic Development in the Russian Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Evseev ◽  
Tatiana Krasovskaya ◽  
Vladimir Tikunov ◽  
Irina Tikunova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Territorial Planning

Recent federal documents devoted to the Arctic zone economic development highlighted eight basic areas—future innovative centers of regional development. Totally 150 investment projects are planned by 2030, where 48% are designated for mineral resources extraction, 16%—for transport development, 7%—for geological survey, 2%—for environment safety protection etc. At the same time, these ambitious plans should meet green economy goals. This means that territorial planning will have to consider at least three spatially differentiated issues: Socio-economic, ecological and environmental (nature hazards, climatic changes etc.). Thus, the initial stage of territorial planning for economic development needs evaluation of different spatial combinations of these issues. This research presents an algorithm for evaluation of joint impact of basic regional components, characterizing “nature-population-economy” interrelations in order to reveal their spatial differences and demonstrate options and risks for future sustainable development of the Russian Arctic. Basic research methods included system analysis with GIS tools. Accumulated data were arranged in three blocks which included principle regional factors which control sustainable development. In order to find different patterns of sustainability provided by these factors pair assessments of ecological/economic, environmental/economic and ecological/environmental data was done. Independent variable-environmental factors offered different spatial natural patterns either promoting or hampering economic development. It was impossible to assess jointly all three blocks data because the discussed framework of regional sustainability factors attributed to spatial regional system, which demonstrated its panarchy character. Ranking results were visualized in a map where the selected pair groups were shown for each basic territory of advanced development. Visualization of proportional correlation of social, economic and ecological factors was achieved using color triangle method (RGB).

scholarly journals Little auks under the midnight sun: diel activity rhythm of a small diving seabird during the Arctic summer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas ◽  
Piotr Wąż ◽  
Dariusz Jakubas
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Population Level ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Little Auk ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Colony Attendance

Many animal species exhibit a diel, 24-hr pattern of activity, which is steered by timing cues, with the daily light–dark cycle considered the most powerful. This cue, however, is reduced in polar zones under continuous daylight conditions associated with the midnight sun. The rhythm of animal behaviour under such conditions is poorly understood. Here, we examine periodicity and patterns of daily activity (colony attendance and foraging) in a High-Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). We demonstrated a regular rhythm of colony attendance at the population level, with birds being the most abundant in the colony during hours of relatively low sun elevation. This pattern is likely to be associated with predation pressure that may be perceived by birds as lower during hours with low sun elevation, because of better predator detectability. Regarding rhythms at an individual level, however, we found the most common periodicity to be 23.2 hr (range from 19.9 hr to 30.8 hr) but no clear pattern of daily colony attendance of individuals. Such a flexibility in daily rhythms indicates that individuals may become arrhythmic in regard to the 24-hr environmental cycle, despite regularities observed at the population level. Finally, we compared males and females in terms of daily activity patterns but we did not find significant sex differences.

scholarly journals Species Composition and Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) at the Ivindo National Park and Its Environs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Affiri Odzame Joseph-Marie ◽  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
Zinga Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Koumba Armel Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Village

An entomological prospection to show the species composition and diurnal activity of tabanids was carried out using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct and 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in the secondary forest [Ivindo National Park (INP)] and Village-Town sites in and around the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 839 tabanids were caught with 747 recorded at INP and regrouped under 11 species of the genus Tabanus [T. taeniola (57.76%),               T. ricardae (26.32%), T. par (5.54%), T. ruficrus (3.74%), T. socius (3.74%), T. disjunctus (2.49%), T. marmorosus (0.28%) and T. obscurehirtus (0.14%)]. However, two species of the genus Chrysops [C. dimidiatus (70.83%) and C. silaceus (29.17%)] and one species of the genus Haematopota [H. pluvialis (100%)] were only identified at INP. While in the Village-Town sites, 92 tabanids were caught and regrouped under five species of the genus Tabanus [T. ruficrus (14.13%), T. taeniola (9.78%), T. ricardae (73.91%), T. par (1.09%), and T. marmorosus (1.09%)]. Tabanids were more abundant in the forest (7.12 tabanid/trap/day) as compared to the Village-Town (0.77 t/t/d) with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). At INP, tabanids showed a unimodal activity pattern with peak attained between 12-14H and in the anthropized milieu (14-16H) and dominated by females.

scholarly journals High Frequency and Activity of Glossina spp., Vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis along a Secondary Forest-Man Made Transect in Makokou (North East-Gabon)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zinga-Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
Affiri Odzame Joseph-Marie ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Koumba Armel Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Village

The abundance, species diversity and diurnal activity rhythm of hematophagous glossineswere evaluated by trapping using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct to 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in two habitats: secondary forest and Anthropised milieu, in the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 489 glossines were caught  with 245 collected from Village-Town site and regrouped under 4 species [G.p.palpalis (32.17%), G. frezili (36.23%), G. nashi (29.57%) and G. f. fuscipes (2.03%)] while 244 were collected from forest and regrouped under 3 species [G.p.palpalis (61.48%), G. nashi (28.69%) and G. frezili (0.84%)]. The abundance of glossines was higher in the Village-Town milieu (2.88 g/t/d) as compared to the forest (2.34 g/t/d) with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Glossines showed a unimodal diurnal activity rhythm with peak between 10h-12h in the two milieu and was dominated by females.

A Comparative-Study of Circadian Activity Patterns of 2 New Guinean Dasyurid Marsupials, Phascolosorex-Dorsalis and Antechinus-Habbema

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley ◽  
SA Raftopoulos ◽  
GJ Coleman ◽  
SM Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Circadian Pacemaker ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Five aspects of the circadian activity rhythm (wheel running, feeding, drinking, duration of time in, and visits to, the nest box) were studied for 129 days in two species of New Guinean dasyurid marsupials that co-exist in mid-montane semi-mossforest. When housed under controlled laboratory conditions, Phascolosorex dorsalis exhibited a diurnal activity pattern whereas Antechinus habbema was nocturnal. Manipulation of the feeding regimen and reversal of the 12: 12 light-dark cycle demonstrated that the diurnal activity of P. dorsalis was not due to synchronisation to food presentation but reflected the behavioural output from an endogenous circadian pacemaker. P. dorsalis appears to be unique among dasyurids in its diurnality. Results are interpreted in terms of the ecological niche being a division of time as well as space.

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