Short-term and long-term facilitation of goose grazing by livestock in the Dutch Wadden Sea area

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
A. J. Graaf ◽  
D. Bos ◽  
M. J. J. E. Loonen ◽  
M. Engelmoer ◽  
R. H. Drent
Keyword(s):  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Facilitation ◽  
Sea Area

Short-term and long-term facilitation of goose grazing by livestock in the Dutch Wadden Sea area

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. van der Graaf ◽  
D. Bos ◽  
M.J.J.E. Loonen ◽  
M. Engelmoer ◽  
R.H. Drent
Keyword(s):  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Facilitation ◽  
Sea Area

Selected Contribution: Chronic intermittent hypoxia enhances respiratory long-term facilitation in geriatric female rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2614-2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Zabka ◽  
G. S. Mitchell ◽  
E. B. Olson ◽  
M. Behan
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypoxic Response ◽  
Long Term Facilitation

Age and the estrus cycle affect time-dependent respiratory responses to episodic hypoxia in female rats. Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF) is enhanced in middle-aged vs. young female rats ( 72 ). We tested the hypothesis that phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) LTF are diminished in acyclic geriatric rats when fluctuating sex hormone levels no longer establish conditions that enhance LTF. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) enhances LTF ( 41 ); thus we further predicted that CIH would restore LTF in geriatric female rats. LTF was measured in young (3-4 mo) and geriatric (20-22 mo) female Sasco Sprague-Dawley rats and in a group of geriatric rats exposed to 1 wk of nocturnal CIH (11 vs. 21% O2 at 5-min intervals, 12 h/night). In anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized, and ventilated rats, time-dependent hypoxic phrenic and XII responses were assessed. The short-term hypoxic response was measured during the first of three 5-min episodes of isocapnic hypoxia (arterial Po2 35-45 Torr). LTF was assessed 15, 30, and 60 min postepisodic hypoxia. Phrenic and XII short-term hypoxic response was not different among groups, regardless of CIH treatment ( P > 0.05). LTF in geriatric female rats was smaller than previously reported for middle-aged rats but comparable to that in young female rats. CIH augmented phrenic and XII LTF to levels similar to those of middle-aged female rats without CIH ( P < 0.05). The magnitude of phrenic and XII LTF in all groups was inversely related to the ratio of progesterone to estradiol serum levels ( P < 0.05). Thus CIH and sex hormones influence the magnitude of LTF in geriatric female rats.

Time-dependent phrenic nerve responses to carotid afferent activation: intact vs. decerebellate rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. R811-R819 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hayashi ◽  
S. K. Coles ◽  
K. B. Bach ◽  
G. S. Mitchell ◽  
D. R. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Carotid Sinus Nerve ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Afferent Activation ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Long Term Facilitation

The objectives were to determine 1) respiratory responses to carotid chemoreceptor inputs in anesthetized rats and 2) whether the cerebellar vermis plays a role in these responses. A carotid sinus nerve was stimulated (20 Hz) with five 2-min trains, each separated by approximately 3 min. During stimulation, respiratory frequency (f), peak amplitude of integrated phrenic nerve activity (integral of Phr), and their product (f x integral of Phr) immediately increased. As stimulation continued, integral of Phr progressively increased to a plateau [short-term potentiation (STP)], but f and f x integral of Phr decreased [short-term depression (STD)] to a value still above control. Upon stimulus termination, integral of Phr progressively decreased but remained above control; f and f x integral of Phr transiently decreased below baseline. After the final stimulation, integral of Phr remained above control for at least 30 min [long-term facilitation (LTF)]. Repeated 5-min episodes of isocapnic hypoxia also elicited STP, STD, and LTF. Vermalectomy lowered the CO2-apneic threshold and eliminated LTF. In conclusion, carotid chemoreceptor activation in rats elicits STP and LTF similar to that in cats; the vermis may play a role in LTF. A new response, STD, was observed.

scholarly journals Long-term population dynamics of breeding bird species in the German Wadden Sea area

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottfried Vauk ◽  
Johannes Prüter ◽  
Eike Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Sea Area

Neuromuscular Facilitation in Crayfish: Dependence on Potassium and Strophanthidin

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
C. LEO ORTIZ ◽  
R. K. ORKAND
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Presynaptic Terminals ◽  
Potential Amplitude ◽  
Junctional Potential ◽  
Long Term Facilitation

1. Long-term facilitation (LTF) and short-term facilitation (STF) at excitatory neuromuscular junctions were studied under conditions of varying [K+]0 and with the addition of strophanthidin. 2. The magnitude of LTF varied inversely with [K+]0, while STF was unaffected. 3. Strophanthidin concentrations greater than 10−5 M greatly increased LTF, but not STF. 4. Both LTF and STF were unaffected by large decreases in excitatory junctional potential amplitude produced by the addition of GABA or Mn+2. 5. The results support the hypothesis that LTF is a consequence of Na+ accumulation in presynaptic terminals and behaves independently of STF.

scholarly journals Seaweed farming and seaweed capture fishermen phenomenon in Sebatik Strait, Nunukan Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
U Muawanah ◽  
N Syafitri ◽  
A Zulham ◽  
B V I Yanti ◽  
N A R Setyawidati
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Seaweed Farming ◽  
Sea Currents ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Nunukan Regency - North Kalimantan, is currently one of the biggest producers of Kappaphycus alvarezii in Indonesia. The large number of seaweed farmers showed that the seaweed business economically increases the Nunukan and surrounding community’s income. An interesting phenomenon in the Nunukan Regency is the fishermen who capturing seaweed drifted due to sea currents. Conflicts of sea area utilization are still an issue in Sebatik Strait. This paper aims to analyze the prevalence of conflicts arising from space competition between seaweed catcher and seaweed farmer. This study was conducted using existing field data and reviewing secondary data usinga descriptive and quantitative approach. The field data was obtained by in-depth interviews and distributed questionnaires to seaweed farmers and seaweed stakeholders in Nunukan region. The recommendations for seaweed business development strategies are divided into three strategies: short-term, mid-term, and long-term strategies in the Sebatik Strait, presented at the end of this paper.

scholarly journals Shift from short‐term competition to facilitation with drought stress is due to a decrease in long‐term facilitation

Oikos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Ghassen Chaieb ◽  
Xiangtai Wang ◽  
Chedly Abdelly ◽  
Richard Michalet
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Facilitation
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