Interleukin-1α-induced changes in chromium-51 absorption, tissue retention, and urinary excretion in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Davis-Whitenack ◽  
Bernice Adeleye ◽  
Barbara J. Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract 042: Effects of Diuretics on Sglt2 Inhibitor-induced Changes in Urinary Sodium Excretion Rate In Obese Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA NISHIYAMA ◽  
Yoshihide Fujisawa ◽  
Abu Sufiun ◽  
Kazi Rafiq ◽  
Daisuke Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Induced Changes

Proximal tubular sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) transports glucose and sodium with a 1:1 stoichiometry. However, studies have indicated that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors does not substantially increase the urinary excretion rate of sodium, while that of glucose is markedly increased. These data suggest that urinary sodium is reabsorbed by other mechanisms distal to the nephron during SGLT2 inhibition. Here, we aimed to investigate whether diuretics affect the SGLT2 inhibitor-induced changes in the urinary excretion rate of sodium in obese metabolic syndrome SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) (SHRcp) rats. Male 13-week-old SHRcp rats were treated with: 1) vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose), 2) a SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.), 3) luseogliflozin + hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or 4) luseogliflozin + hydrochlorothiazide + furosemide (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 5 weeks (n = 6-8 per group). Blood pressure and glucose metabolism were evaluated by telemetry and oral glucose tolerance test respectively. Vehicle-treated SHRcp rats developed non-dipper type hypertension (night and day time systolic blood pressure; 186 ± 2 and 185 ± 2 mmHg, respectively) and insulin resistance. As compared with vehicle-treated animals, luseogliflozin-treated rats showed an approximately 4,000-fold increase in urinary glucose excretion and improved glucose metabolism. Luseogliflozin also slightly decreased blood pressure, which was associated with an approximately 30% increase in urinary excretion of sodium. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide or hydrochlorothiazide + furosemide further decreased blood pressure and improved blood pressure circadian rhythm to a dipper profile in luseogliflozin-treated animals. In these animals, urinary sodium excretion tended to be increased by diuretics, although these changes were not statistically significant. These data indicate that SGLT2 inhibitor-induced natriuresis is not enhanced by diuretics. Thus, SGLT2 inhibitors may elicit their beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and hypertension in patients who are treated with diuretics.

Model explaining the relation between distal nephron Li+ reabsorption and urinary Na+ excretion in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. F445-F452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shalmi ◽  
Thomas Jonassen ◽  
Klaus Thomsen ◽  
Jonathan D. Kibble ◽  
Peter Bie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Angiotensin Iii ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Li+ may be reabsorbed via an amiloride-sensitive mechanism in the collecting ducts of rats administered a low-Na+ diet. This was investigated by measuring the increase in fractional urinary excretion of Li+(FELi) in response to amiloride in conscious rats at two different levels of plasma Li+ concentration and after administration of bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ), angiotensin III (ANG III), and aldosterone (Aldo). The results confirmed that amiloride increased (FELi) in rats on a low-Na+ diet (20 ± 1 to 35 ± 1%, means ± SE), whereas no increase was observed in rats on a normal Na+ diet (37 ± 1 to 38 ± 1%). The lithiuretic effect of amiloride was 1) abolished by preadministration of BFTZ (32 ± 1 to 33 ± 2%) to Na+-deprived rats and 2) increased by ANG III (27 ± 3 to 33 ± 2%) and Aldo (25 ± 2 to 37 ± 2%) in Na+-replete rats. Amiloride-induced changes in FELiwere independent of plasma Li+concentration but inversely related to the fractional excretion of Na+ and the amiloride-sensitive excretion of K+. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that a low tubular Na+ concentration reduces end-tubular Na+ reabsorption and results in hyperpolarization of the apical membrane, thus favoring Li+ uptake into the cells.

Effects of somatotropin in rats acutely exposed to adverse environments

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Hale ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Adverse Environments

Metabolic effects of acute (24-hr.) exposure to low barometric pressure (380 mm Hg), heat (35°C), or cold (2°C) were determined in fasting rats which had received subcutaneous injections of somatotropin (0.5 mg/100 gm b.wt.) 24 hours before and immediately before exposure. Comparison was made with rats exposed to the same conditions without pretreatment with somatotropin and with controls held under neutral conditions of temperature and pressure (24°C, 750 mm Hg). Somatotropin modified environmentally induced changes in 24-hour urinary excretion of urea, uric acid and phosphate and the urinary Na/K, Ca/P and uric acid/creatinine ratios. Suggestive evidence was thus obtained to support the hypothesis that somatotropin contributes to homeostasis. Submitted on October 26, 1959

Interleukin-1α-induced changes in androgen and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate release in adult rat Leydig cells in culture

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moore ◽  
W. H. Moger
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Similar Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACT Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been proposed as a paracrine regulator of testicular function. The effect of this cytokine on adult rat Leydig cells in primary culture was investigated. Interstitial cells were purified on a two-step Percoll gradient and cultured in the presence or absence of recombinant human IL-1α (IL-1α). The presence of IL-1α in the culture media resulted in a dose-dependent increase in 24-h basal androgen release (half-maximal effective concentration = 40–50 U/ml). The stimulatory effect of IL-1α peaked on days 3 and 4, and was often still significant after 6 days of culture. Removal of IL-1α was followed by a return of basal androgen release to control levels within 3 days. In contrast, cells treated with IL-1α (100 U/ml) for 3 days released significantly less androgen (per 4 h) in response to 1–100 ng LH/ml than control cells. A similar inhibitory effect on the response to dibutyryl cAMP and pregnenolone was observed. Under basal conditions, IL-1α-treated cells released significantly more cAMP than did control cells. In contrast, the increase in cAMP release seen with LH-stimulated cells was significantly inhibited by treatment with IL-1α. These results suggest that IL-1α has a dual effect on adult rat Leydig cells in culture. It stimulates basal but inhibits LH-induced androgen release with parallel changes in cAMP levels. An additional inhibitory effect appears to lie at the level of the 17α-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase enzyme. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 381–390

Insulin-Induced Renin Release: Blockade by Indomethacin in the Rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Campbell ◽  
Judith A. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
A Site ◽  
Induced Changes

1. Since prostaglandins appear to mediate adrenergically stimulated renin release, the effect of indomethacin was examined on insulin-induced renin and catecholamine release in conscious rats. Insulin (10 units/kg subcutaneously) increased plasma renin activity from 2.8 ± 0.5 to 9.0 ± 1.1 pmol h−1 ml−1 (P<0.001) while also increasing plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and F2α. Plasma potassium and glucose were reduced by 16 and 54%respectively. 2. Indomethacin (14 μmol/kg subcutaneously) reduced the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and F2α by 67 and 54%respectively, without altering the other parameters. 3. Indomethacin inhibited insulin-induced renin release by 67%(P<0.01) and blocked the insulin-induced increases in urinary postaglandin E2 and F2α. The insulin-induced changes in plasma catecholamines, potassium and glucose were unaltered by indomethacin. 4. These findings suggest that renal prostaglandins mediate this form of adrenergically stimulated renin release by acting at a site distal to the β-adrenoreceptor.

scholarly journals N-Nitrosodiethylamine Induced Changes in Levels, Metabolism, and Urinary Excretion of Ascorbic Acid in Guinea Pigs.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Sanjay KAPUR ◽  
Krishan Lal KHANDUJA ◽  
Sabhiya MAJID ◽  
Rajinder Kaur GANDHI ◽  
Rati Ram SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Induced Changes

Interpretation of irradiation-induced changes in electron diffractograms and images of extinction contours at low temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
E. Knapek ◽  
H. Formanek ◽  
G. Lefranc ◽  
I. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Organic Crystals ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Electron Diffractograms ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Induced Changes

A few years ago results on cryoprotection of L-valine were reported, where the values of the critical fluence De i.e, the electron exposure which decreases the intensity of the diffraction reflections by a factor e, amounted to the order of 2000 + 1000 e/nm2. In the meantime a discrepancy arose, since several groups published De values between 100 e/nm2 and 1200 e/nm2 /1 - 4/. This disagreement and particularly the wide spread of the results induced us to investigate more thoroughly the behaviour of organic crystals at very low temperatures during electron irradiation.For this purpose large L-valine crystals with homogenuous thickness were deposited on holey carbon films, thin carbon films or Au-coated holey carbon films. These specimens were cooled down to nearly liquid helium temperature in an electron microscope with a superconducting lens system and irradiated with 200 keU-electrons. The progress of radiation damage under different preparation conditions has been observed with series of electron diffraction patterns and direct images of extinction contours.

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