The role of intestinal bacteria in gallstone formation in animal model. A study on biliary lipid composition and bile acid profiles in bile, small intestinal contents and feces of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI No. 588 monocontaminated mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hosomi ◽  
N. Tanida ◽  
T. Shimoyama
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition ◽  
Bile Acid Profiles

scholarly journals Biliary lipid composition and gallstone formation in rabbits fed on soy protein, cholesterol, casein and modified casein

1989 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Bile Acid Concentration ◽  
Bile Acid Level ◽  
Lithogenic Index ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition

In four experimental groups, rabbits were fed on diets containing soy beans, soy beans plus cholesterol (1%, w/w), casein and modified casein for 8 weeks. Biliary lipid levels, lithogenic-index values and the rate of gallstone formation were determined. The highest mean relative concentrations (mol%) of cholesterol and phospholipid were found in the soy bean + cholesterol group, and the highest mean relative bile acid concentration was in the soy bean group. The lowest mean relative cholesterol and phospholipid values were found in the soy bean and modified casein groups respectively. The lowest mean relative bile acid level was in the soy bean + cholesterol group. The highest lithogenic index and rate of gallstone formation were in the soy bean + cholesterol group, and the lowest values were in the soy bean group. The modification of casein used was effective in decreasing the lithogenic effect of casein on gallstone formation.

Transporters in cholelithiasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 393 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Stokes ◽  
Frank Lammert
Keyword(s):  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporters ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition

Abstract Gallstones are a common and costly disease with a projected increase in prevalence due to the increasing ageing population. Numerous endogenous and environmental factors are aetiologically related to this multifactorial disease, and genetic studies continue to unravel the pathobiological mechanisms related to gallstone formation. In particular, variants of genes encoding hepatobiliary transporters have been implicated in gallstone disease and, given their ability to influence biliary lipid composition, have undergone considerable investigation. Here we summarize the role of enterohepatic transporters in cholelithogenesis with a particular focus on pertinent ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCC7, and ABCG5/G8).

scholarly journals pH-dependent spontaneous hydrolysis rather than gut bacterial metabolism reduces levels of the ADHD treatment, Methylphenidate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Aresti-Sanz ◽  
Walid Maho ◽  
Rob Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Hjalmar Permentier ◽  
Sahar El Aidy
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Spontaneous Hydrolysis ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
High Interindividual Variability ◽  
Carboxylesterase 1 ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractMethylphenidate is absorbed in the small intestine. The drug is known to have low bioavailability and a high interindividual variability in terms of response to the treatment. Gut microbiota has been shown to reduce the bioavailability of a wide variety of orally administered drugs. Here, we tested the ability of small intestinal bacteria to metabolize methylphenidate. In silico analysis identified several small intestinal bacteria to harbor homologues of the human carboxylesterase 1 enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of methylphenidate in the liver. Despite our initial results hinting towards possible bacterial hydrolysis of the drug, up to 60% of methylphenidate was spontaneously hydrolyzed in the absence of bacteria and this hydrolysis was pH-dependent. Overall, the study shows that pH-dependent spontaneous hydrolysis rather than gut bacterial metabolism reduces levels of methylphenidate and suggest a role of the luminal pH in the bioavailability of the drug.

Effect of chronic changes in rate of enterohepatic cycling on bile acid kinetics and biliary lipid composition in the Rhesus monkey

1981 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Motson ◽  
Kenneth J. Hammerman ◽  
William H. Admirand ◽  
Lawrence W. Way
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Enterohepatic Cycling ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition

Bile Acid Pools, Kinetics and Biliary Lipid Composition before and after Cholecystectomy

1973 ◽  
Vol 289 (23) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilton R. Almond ◽  
Z. Reno Vlahcevic ◽  
C. Cooper Bell ◽  
Daniel H. Gregory ◽  
Leon Swell
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition
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