The lead amalgam/lead sulfate electrode redesigned and reassessed

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Fusi ◽  
Patrizia R. Mussini
Keyword(s):  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Lead Amalgam

Effect of organic compounds on electrolyte chemical potential in aqueous solutions at various temperatures

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. 1872-1877
Author(s):  
David M. Mohilner ◽  
Takashi Kakiuchi ◽  
Joanna Taraszewska
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Emf Measurements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lead Amalgam

Data are reported on the concentration of Na2SO4 required to hold its chemical potential equal to its value in a 0.10045 m solution in pure water for aqueous solutions containing 2-butanol and 1-propanol at six different temperatures. The data were obtained from emf measurements on a galvanic cell without liquid junction containing a sodium reversible glass electrode and a 2-phase lead amalgam – lead sulfate electrode. The results of the measurements are interpreted in terms of the water structure making properties of the organic compound.

Sulfate-sensing electrodes. The lead- amalgam/lead-sulfate electrode (IUPAC Technical Report)

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia R. Mussini ◽  
Torquato Mussini
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Preparation Procedure ◽  
Reference Electrodes ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Convenient Preparation ◽  
Lead Amalgam

A new, simplified design and a convenient preparation procedure for the Pb(Hg)|PbSO4|SO42- electrode are proposed. This procedure ensures preparation of stable amalgams and reproducible electrode potentials, which make this electrode useful and attractive for both thermodynamic investigations and electroanalytical applications. For these purposes, the electrode prepared according to the proposed procedure has been exhaustively characterized both thermodynamically and as a sulfate-sensing electrode, in different sulfate solutions, including H2SO4. Also, a practical standardization procedure has been proposed. The Pb(Hg)|PbSO4|SO42- electrode can be structured with a built-in concentrated Li2SO4 salt bridge for use as a sulfate-based reference electrode. This electrode can be operated as a reference electrode alternative to the conventional calomel or Ag|AgCl reference electrodes in electroanalytical practice.

Selective reduction of lead sulfate containing slag using the fluidized bed reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 126512
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Zhenhu Wang ◽  
Weifeng Liu ◽  
Duchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Lead Sulfate

Pulsed-current formation of tetrabasic lead sulfate in cured lead/acid battery plates

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Lam ◽  
H. Ozgun ◽  
L.M.D. Cranswick ◽  
D.A.J. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Pulsed Current ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Lead Acid

The Study of the Melting of Waelz Oxide with an Increase in the Temperature of the Calcination Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
A.G. Ryazanov ◽  
A.V. Senin ◽  
V.D. Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Partial Melting ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Waelz Oxide ◽  
Negative Effect

Waelz-oxide is a raw material for the production of metallic zinc. Waelz-oxide contains impurities of zinc and lead chlorides and fluorides. Halides have a negative effect on the process of zinc electrolysis. Halides have a relatively low boiling point; therefore, they are removed into the gas phase by calcining Waelz-oxide at 800–850 °С. To intensify the process, calcination is sometimes carried out at elevated temperatures of 1100–1250 °С. However, an increase in temperature leads to partial melting and granulation of the calcined product. In the present work, the chemical and phase composition of the initial and calcined Waelz-oxide was studied. Thermodynamic modeling of phase and chemical transformations of Waelz-oxide components during heating has been performed. Experiments on calcination of Waelz-oxide in laboratory conditions at temperatures of 600–1250 °C were carried out. It was found that partial melting and granulation of Waelz-oxide is the result of the formation of fusible eutectics containing lead oxide. Lead oxide is formed as a result of decomposition of lead sulfate when heated above 1100 °C. A similar effect is not observed at a standard calcination temperature of 850 °C.

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