REM sleep disorders in rats with experimental depressive syndrome caused by systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)

1997 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Krupina ◽  
G. N. Kryzhanovskii ◽  
T. E. Iordanskaya ◽  
N. B. Pankova ◽  
I. N. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Depressive Syndrome

Sleep Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhansu Chokroverty
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Mechanism

Recent research has generated an enormous fund of knowledge about the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness. Sleeping and waking brain circuits can now be studied by sophisticated neuroimaging techniques that map different areas of the brain during different sleep states and stages. Although the exact biologic functions of sleep are not known, sleep is essential, and sleep deprivation leads to impaired attention and decreased performance. Sleep is also believed to have restorative, conservative, adaptive, thermoregulatory, and consolidative functions. This review discusses the physiology of sleep, including its two independent states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, as well as functional neuroanatomy, physiologic changes during sleep, and circadian rhythms. The classification and diagnosis of sleep disorders are discussed generally. The diagnosis and treatment of the following disorders are described: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy-cataplexy sydrome, idiopathic hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements in sleep, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and parasomnias. Sleep-related movement disorders and the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders are also discussed. Tables describe behavioral and physiologic characteristics of states of awareness, the international classification of sleep disorders, common sleep complaints, comorbid insomnia disorders, causes of excessive daytime somnolence, laboratory tests to assess sleep disorders, essential diagnostic criteria for RLS and Willis-Ekbom disease, and drug therapy for insomnia. Figures include polysomnographic recording showing wakefulness in an adult; stage 1, 2, and 3 NREM sleep in an adult; REM sleep in an adult; a patient with sleep apnea syndrome; a patient with Cheyne-Stokes breathing; a patient with RLS; and a patient with dream-enacting behavior; schematic sagittal section of the brainstem of the cat; schematic diagram of the McCarley-Hobson model of REM sleep mechanism; the Lu-Saper “flip-flop” model; the Luppi model to explain REM sleep mechanism; and a wrist actigraph from a man with bipolar disorder. This review contains 14 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, 115 references, and 5 MCQs.

Effect of parlodel on brain electrical activity in experimental depressive syndrome in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
T. E. Iordanskaya ◽  
N. A. Krupina ◽  
G. N. Kryzhanovskii ◽  
I. N. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Experimental Depressive Syndrome

Sleep Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhansu Chokroverty
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Mechanism

Recent research has generated an enormous fund of knowledge about the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness. Sleeping and waking brain circuits can now be studied by sophisticated neuroimaging techniques that map different areas of the brain during different sleep states and stages. Although the exact biologic functions of sleep are not known, sleep is essential, and sleep deprivation leads to impaired attention and decreased performance. Sleep is also believed to have restorative, conservative, adaptive, thermoregulatory, and consolidative functions. This review discusses the physiology of sleep, including its two independent states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, as well as functional neuroanatomy, physiologic changes during sleep, and circadian rhythms. The classification and diagnosis of sleep disorders are discussed generally. The diagnosis and treatment of the following disorders are described: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy-cataplexy sydrome, idiopathic hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements in sleep, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and parasomnias. Sleep-related movement disorders and the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders are also discussed. Tables describe behavioral and physiologic characteristics of states of awareness, the international classification of sleep disorders, common sleep complaints, comorbid insomnia disorders, causes of excessive daytime somnolence, laboratory tests to assess sleep disorders, essential diagnostic criteria for RLS and Willis-Ekbom disease, and drug therapy for insomnia. Figures include polysomnographic recording showing wakefulness in an adult; stage 1, 2, and 3 NREM sleep in an adult; REM sleep in an adult; a patient with sleep apnea syndrome; a patient with Cheyne-Stokes breathing; a patient with RLS; and a patient with dream-enacting behavior; schematic sagittal section of the brainstem of the cat; schematic diagram of the McCarley-Hobson model of REM sleep mechanism; the Lu-Saper “flip-flop” model; the Luppi model to explain REM sleep mechanism; and a wrist actigraph from a man with bipolar disorder. This review contains 14 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, 115 references, and 5 MCQs.

scholarly journals The spectral fingerprint of sleep problems in post-traumatic stress disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M de Boer ◽  
M J Nijdam ◽  
R A Jongedijk ◽  
K A Bangel ◽  
M Olff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Oscillation Power ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep problems are a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to find a robust objective measure for the sleep disturbance in patients having PTSD. Methods The current study assessed EEG power across a wide frequency range and multiple scalp locations, in matched trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD, during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. In addition, a full polysomnographical evaluation was performed, including sleep staging and assessment of respiratory function, limb movements, and heart rate. The occurrence of sleep disorders was also assessed. Results In patients having PTSD, NREM sleep shows a substantial loss of slow oscillation power and increased higher frequency activity compared with controls. The change is most pronounced over right-frontal sensors and correlates with insomnia. PTSD REM sleep shows a large power shift in the opposite direction, with increased slow oscillation power over occipital areas, which is strongly related to nightmare activity and to a lesser extent with insomnia. These pronounced spectral changes occur in the context of severe subjective sleep problems, increased occurrence of various sleep disorders and modest changes in sleep macrostructure. Conclusions This is the first study to show pronounced changes in EEG spectral topologies during both NREM and REM sleep in PTSD. Importantly, the observed power changes reflect the hallmarks of PTSD sleep problems: insomnia and nightmares and may thus be specific for PTSD. A spectral index derived from these data distinguishes patients from controls with high effect size, bearing promise as a candidate biomarker.

Sleep Disorders

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Michael Z. Wincor
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Disorders Of Excessive Somnolence ◽  
Periodic Leg Movements ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cyclic Phenomenon ◽  
The Many

Millions of patients are afflicted by a variety of sleep disorders. Sleep can be measured electrophysiologically and described in terms of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, with REM sleep being dream sleep. Overall, sleep is a cyclic phenomenon, showing a 90-minute periodicity. Sleep disorders are divided into four groups: disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, disorders of excessive somnolence, disorders of the sleep-wake schedule, and the parasomnias. The parasomnias include sleepwalking, sleep terror, and nightmares. The classic disorders of excessive somnolence include obstructive sleep apnea (an impairment of respiratory function during sleep) and narcolepsy (a genetically transmitted dysregulation of REM sleep). Insomnia may be either transient (eg, associated with jet lag, work shift change, or a disturbing or exciting situation) or chronic (eg, associated with psychiatric disorders or periodic leg movements during sleep). Hypnotics are generally reserved for the treatment of transient or short-term insomnias. Although a number of hypnotics are available, the benzodiazepines are currently accepted as the drugs of choice; selection within the group is based primarily on differences in pharmacokinetic profiles. The practicing pharmacist has the opportunity to play an important role in assessing, recommending treatment, or recommending further evaluation for the many patients who present with insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness.

Sleep Disorders Study in Patients with Depressive Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
C. Balmon ◽  
J.A. Dorado ◽  
L. Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Depressive Syndrome
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