Hydrobiological investigations of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Far-Eastern seas during the period after the Second World War. 1. Investigations of the central institutes

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
O. G. Kusakin ◽  
V. G. Chavtur
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Second World ◽  
Far Eastern Seas

scholarly journals The Contacts of Martin Ludwig Rhesa with Lithuanian Song Collectors Working in the Country

Knygotyra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Liucija Citavičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Second World ◽  
Sea Fish

The personal archive of Martin Ludwig Rhesa (1776–1840), who had gathered and prepared the first known collection of Lithuanian songs, contains the letters of two of Rhesa’s respondents from the country – of Enrikas Budrius (1783–1852), teacher of the Brėdausių estate school, and of Wilhelm Ernst Beerbohm (1786–1865), chief inspector of littoral fishing. The archive itself was taken to Königsberg after the Second World War and is today stored in the Manuscript Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Budrius wrote his letters during 1818–1827 and contained in them songs that he had heard in the Pilupėnų area. He was one of the contributors who had captured the melodies of the songs, which he would hear performed during Lithuanian feasts or other types of gatherings. Budrius has sent more than 20 songs, yet only one – Žvirblytis – was eventually included in the printed collection; Rhesa himself gave a copy to Budrius. The letters contain discussions on Lithuanian songs and their melodies; we see some talks regarding a project to write the Lithuanian history using the Lithuanian language, and there are some personal motives present in the letter as well. Beerbohm, the other respondent, corresponded with Rhesa during the former’s last years, during 1835–1839; these two men were from the same region and had met several times in Königsberg. Beerbohm’s letters contain ample supplementary content – songs and regional vocabularies, fishermen phraseology, Lithuanian names of littoral plants and sea fish, etc. The drawings and schemes of vytinė trading boats and ice fishing, complemented with Lithuanian terms, are the first Lithuanian visual and explanatory dictionaries. Some of these words are not included in any of the Lithuanian dictionaries – not now, and not even then. Each of the respondents have authored a poem dedicated to Rhesa. Budrius wrote his poem in Lithuanian. Four Beerbohm’s letters and three written by Budrius are extant. Judging by the circumstances referred to in the letters, it is possible to state that Rhesa wrote at least four or five letters to these individuals.

Academician G. F. Miller and the Treasures from Litoi Kurgan

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-224
Author(s):  
Irina Tunkina
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
World War ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Metal Work ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe burial-mound "Litoi Kurgan" was excavated in 1763 on the instructions of Lieutenant-General A.P. Mel'gunov 30 metres from the fortress of Saint Elizabeth (now known as Kirovograd, Ukraine). It cotained an assemblage of gold and silver articles of the Early Scythian period: examples of oriental metal-work and articles which had been fashioned in the traditions of the Scythian Animal Style. The prestigious nature of these finds was on a par with the grave-goods found in royal Scythian burial-mounds. The artefacts were presented to Empress Catherine II, who commanded that Academician G.F. Miller (1705-1783) should draw up a description of them and that they should be held in the Kunstkammer of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. One hundred years later the hoard was transferred in installments to the Hermitage Museum. In this article information regarding the assemblage from the Litoi Kurgan site is pieced together on the basis of archive documents and publications dating from the 18th and 19th century. Modern interpretations of this information and attempts to date the finds are also included: some of the artefacts were transferred from the Hermitage to museums in Kharkov and then lost during the Second World War. It is precisely with the excavations of the Litoi Kurgan burial-mound that the birth of a separate branch of archaeology is associated – namely Scythian studies. Litoi Kurgan is one of the sites from the Scythian Archaic period, which link together the Dnieper region and the Northern Caucasus. It is possible that it is a cenotaph burial-mound associated with the era of the Scythian campaigns into the Near East and dating from the second half of the 7th century BC.

scholarly journals The Role of Ethnographers in the Invention of Socialist Traditions in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Ilze Boldāne-Zeļenkova
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Second World

Abstract This study, based on archive document research and analysis of publications by Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) ethnographers, discusses the process of invention and implementation of Socialist traditions and the role of scientists in this. The introduction of Soviet traditions in Latvia did not begin immediately after the Second World War when the communist occupation regime was restored. The occupation regime in the framework of an anti-religious campaign turned to the transformation of traditions that affect individual’s private sphere and relate to church rituals – baptism, confirmation, weddings, funerals, Latvian cemetery festivities – in the second half of 1950s, along with the implementation of revolutionary and labour traditions. In order to achieve the goals set by the Communist Party, a new structure of institutions was formed and specialists from many fields were involved, including ethnographers from the Institute of History at the LSSR Academy of Sciences (hereinafter – LSSR AS). Ethnographers offered recommendations, as well as observed and analysed the process, discussing it in meetings of official commissions and sharing the conclusions in scientific publications, presentations, etc.

Polish archaeology in my lifetime

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (314) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Tabaczyński
Keyword(s):  
Field Method ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Polish Academy ◽  
World War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Second World

Professor Stanisław Tabaczyński, a Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) since 1989 and a prominent exponent of theory, field method and interdisciplinary studies, offers us a summary of his personal vision of Polish archaeology since the Second World War.

IX. Viscount Cecil, the Government and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1931

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-826
Author(s):  
Christopher Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
World War ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Government ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
International Anarchy ◽  
Second World ◽  
Grave Danger

It is often suggested that the Far Eastern crisis of 1931–3 marked tlie beginning of the Second World War, that ‘the road… is now clearly visible… from the railway tracks near Mukden to the operations of two bombers over Hiroshima and Nagasaki’. In many eyes, too, this episode was also crucial for die League of Nations and the cause of collective security, an opportunity to vindicate the peace-keeping machinery of 1919 which, had it been taken, might have proved decisive in preventing the slide into international anarchy which followed. ‘This has been the vital test for the League,’ Philip Noel-Baker wrote to Gilbert Murray at the time, ’-– and the greatest opportunity it has ever had, especially in view of U.S.A. cooperation’. When Japan had triumphed nearly two years later, he saw the whole structure of organized international co-operation as being ‘in grave danger’, and the League as ‘never having sunk to so low an ebb in influence and prestige’.

scholarly journals Epizod z życia Seraja Szapszała

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Rafał Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Second World ◽  
Ethnographic Collections

After the Second World War Seraja Szapszała had intended to migrate to Poland but was prevented from doing so by the Soviet authorities and he continued to live in Soviet Lithuania instead. He worked for the Institute of History and Law in the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. He was also involved in preserving the Karaite past in Lithuanian lands. His efforts included opening an ethnographic museum in Trakai before WWII. Szapszał composed a letter to Stalin in which he hoped to protect his own life as well as Karaite ethnographic collections.

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